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101.
同步考虑水下近场爆炸冲击波载荷与气泡射流载荷的作用,综合分析双层防护结构型式及尺度对其抗爆能力的影响,可为双层防护结构的抗爆设计提供直接技术支持。采用基于欧拉法的气泡动力学程序模拟气泡的近壁脉动过程,基于能量等效原则,将射流水柱对结构的冲击简化为等效的射流载荷,通过编制MSC.Dytran软件子程序,在冲击波数值模拟阶段后自动添加等效射流载荷,实现更接近实际情况的双层防护结构遭受水下近场爆炸过程的数值模拟。以内壳单位板厚变形能表征双层防护结构的抗爆能力强弱,通过改变结构型式与尺寸参数,对不同支撑结构板厚、内壳板厚和内外壳间距下结构的抗爆能力进行批量计算,以结构总重和抗爆能力为双重目标,借鉴多目标优化思想,得到双层结构抗爆能力的最优解集。计算结果表明: 当内外壳厚度及其间距一定时,存在最佳支撑结构板厚;在同等结构重量情况下,Y型双层结构能提供更强的抗爆能力。
相似文献102.
铁路信号负荷中包含有道岔这类短时冲击负荷,为了防止信号变压器过载,通常选取较大容量变压器,即便充分考虑到了变压器的短时过载能力,也会带来不必要的变压器损耗,为此,介绍如何结合超级电容器来合理选择信号变压器容量的方法。并由仿真结果可见,超级电容器可以快速准确地跟踪负荷变化做出响应,此时变压器端口处的功率变化近似为零,即道岔动作时的冲击负荷由超级电容器承担,变压器则只需要承受常态负荷,此时根据常态负荷来选择变压器容量即可,避免选用大容量变压器带来的损失。 相似文献
103.
104.
在板柱结构体系中，由于楼板上没有梁的支撑，柱节点处只有板与柱连接，板的设计厚度又有局限性，因此板柱节点就成为板柱体系的薄弱环节，为有效提高板柱节点的抗冲切能力，采用SATWE和ANSYS两种有限元分析软件，分别对影响板柱节点抗冲切性能的几种因素进行了系统分析，得出了几种因素对板刚度影响的规律，依据这些规律，设计人员可以根据具体情况，采取合理的改进措施，避免由于措施不当，导致施工困难。 相似文献
105.
钢筋砼空心截面抗滑桩的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者针对单根的抗滑桩,对空心截面和实心截面抗滑桩进行了力学性能的对比分析,对空心截面抗滑桩的钢筋用量进行了经济评价.并通过对桩-边坡的有限元模拟分析,得出空心截面抗滑桩不仅能满足抗滑结构要求,而且节省材料是一种较为经济的截面形式,为今后空心截面抗滑桩的设计提供一种新的思路. 相似文献
106.
In this paper, the route recommendation provided by the traffic management authority, rather than the uncontrollable bifurcation splitting rate, is directly considered as the control variable in the route guidance system; a real-time en-route diversion control strategy with multiple objectives is designed in a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework with regard to system uncertainties and disturbances. The objectives include not only traffic efficiency, but also emission reduction and fuel economy, which respectively correspond to minimizing the total time spent (TTS), total amount of emissions and fuel consumption for all vehicles moving through a network. In the MPC framework, the routing control problem is transformed to be a constrained combinational optimization, which is solved by the parallel Tabu Search algorithm. Two representative traffic scenarios are tested, and the simulation results show: (1) The room for improvement in each objective by means of route diversion control is not consistent with each other and varies with the utilized traffic scenario. In the peak hour, the routing control can lead to significant improvements in TTS and fuel economy, while a relatively small improvement in emission reduction is achieved; in the off-peak hour, however, it is opposite, which indicates that routing is possibly dispensable from the aspect of improving traffic efficiency, but is required from the aspect of emission reduction. (2) The conflict among the multiple objectives varies with the utilized traffic scenario in route diversion control. Improving traffic efficiency often conflicts with emission reduction in both scenarios. For the objectives of traffic efficiency and fuel economy, they are not conflicting in peak hour, while in the off-peak hour, the two objectives are likely conflicting, and the improvement in one objective can lead to the degradation in the other objective. (3) Regardless of the scenarios of peak hour or off-peak hour, the proposed control strategy can result in a proper trade-off among the three chosen objectives. 相似文献
107.
Online predictions of bus arrival times have the potential to reduce the uncertainty associated with bus operations. By better anticipating future conditions, online predictions can reduce perceived and actual passenger travel times as well as facilitate more proactive decision making by service providers. Even though considerable research efforts were devoted to the development of computationally expensive bus arrival prediction schemes, real-world real-time information (RTI) systems are typically based on very simple prediction rules. This paper narrows down the gap between the state-of-the-art and the state-of-the-practice in generating RTI for public transport systems by evaluating the added-value of schemes that integrate instantaneous data and dwell time predictions. The evaluation considers static information and a commonly deployed scheme as a benchmark. The RTI generation algorithms were applied and analyzed for a trunk bus network in Stockholm, Sweden. The schemes are assessed and compared based on their accuracy, reliability, robustness and potential waiting time savings. The impact of RTI on passengers waiting times are compared with those attained by service frequency and regularity improvements. A method which incorporates information on downstream travel conditions outperforms the commonly deployed scheme, leading to a 25% reduction in the mean absolute error. Furthermore, the incorporation of instantaneous travel times improves the prediction accuracy and reliability, and contributes to more robust predictions. The potential waiting time gains associated with the prediction scheme are equivalent to the gains expected when introducing a 60% increase in service frequency, and are not attainable by service regularity improvements. 相似文献
108.
On-board real-time emission experiments were conducted on 78 light-duty vehicles in Bogota. Direct emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC) were measured. The relationship between such emissions and vehicle specific power (VSP) was established. The experimental matrix included both gasoline-powered and retrofit dual fuel (gasoline–natural gas) vehicles. The results confirm that VSP is an appropriate metric to obtain correlations between driving patterns and air pollutant emissions. Ninety-five percent of the time vehicles in Bogota operate in a VSP between −15.2 and 17.7 kW ton−1, and 50% of the time they operate between −2.9 and 1.2 kW ton−1, representing low engine-load and near-idling conditions, respectively. When engines are subjected to higher loads, pollutant emissions increase significantly. This demonstrates the relevance of reviewing smog check programs and command-and-control measures in Latin America, which are widely based on static (i.e., idling) emissions testing. The effect of different driving patterns on the city’s emissions inventory was determined using VSP and numerical simulations. For example, improving vehicle flow and reducing sudden and frequent accelerations could curb annual emissions in Bogota by up to 12% for CO2, 13% for CO and HC, and 24% for NOx. This also represents possible fuel consumption savings of between 35 and 85 million gallons per year and total potential economic benefits of up to 1400 million dollars per year. 相似文献
109.
Transit agencies often provide travelers with point estimates of bus travel times to downstream stops to improve the perceived reliability of bus transit systems. Prediction models that can estimate both point estimates and the level of uncertainty associated with these estimates (e.g., travel time variance) might help to further improve reliability by tempering user expectations. In this paper, accelerated failure time survival models are proposed to provide such simultaneous predictions. Data from a headway-based bus route serving the Pennsylvania State University-University Park campus were used to estimate bus travel times using the proposed survival model and traditional linear regression frameworks for comparison. Overall, the accuracy of point estimates from the two approaches, measured using the root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and mean absolute errors (MAEs), was similar. This suggests that both methods predict travel times equally well. However, the survival models were found to more accurately describe the uncertainty associated with the predictions. Furthermore, survival model estimates were found to have smaller uncertainties on average, especially when predicted travel times were small. Tests for transferability over time suggested that the models did not over-fit the dataset and validated the predictive ability of models established with historical data. Overall, the survival model approach appears to be a promising method to predict both expected bus travel times and the uncertainty associated with these travel times. 相似文献
110.
This paper reports the findings of an eco-driving trial that was designed enable users to make pre-trip and on-route decisions when driving as to the optimal route to take. The basis of this paper will be to estimate how efficiently drivers are performing in relation to fuel consumption per kilometres (km). The analysis uses details on the vehicle specification, in terms of fuel efficiency, and relates this to the distance travelled to provide the user with information on the efficiency per km travelled. Eco-driving involves the training of individuals to change their driving patterns and to adapt to driving conditions. The results of the study show that eco-driving feedback is a powerful tool and how it can be used to reduce emissions. 相似文献