浅议GPRS与CAN总线的道路实时监测系统的设计与实现

INS-7002无线数据记录仪是采用CAN总线进行数据采集,利用GPRS进行数据传输,应用GPRS道路实时监测系统进行相关参数设置和相关数据查询。该系统可以有效提升试验验证水平,为设计产品改进提供充分依据。     

绞吸挖泥船抗风能力研究

绞吸式挖泥船在远海施工常常面临恶劣的环境条件,研究利用现场实际情况提高船舶的抗风能力至关重要。以绞吸式挖泥船"天凯"为研究对象,通过对环境力的分析,包括风、海流、波浪等环境因素,研究船舶在各种环境条件下受力情况,对船舶锚机建立物理模型进行数值模拟,提出锚机座改进方案,提高了船舶的抗风能力,提出船舶外海抗风方案,提高了船舶外海施工适应性和安全性。     

The impact of the application of new technology on public transport service provision and the passenger experience: A focus on implementation in Australia

The emergence of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has been recognised with many initiatives during the last 20 years. In Europe, the “ITS Action Plan” identifies a number of applications as key elements contributing to the efficient co-ordination of the overall transport chain. The context and experience surrounding the recent widespread development of technological tools and ICT platforms to support the emergence of ITS are notable for the way in which they permeate the transport and logistics chain. But a key question remains: to what extent is the public transport sector able to exploit the wider benefits of ITS?     

Using survival models to estimate bus travel times and associated uncertainties

Transit agencies often provide travelers with point estimates of bus travel times to downstream stops to improve the perceived reliability of bus transit systems. Prediction models that can estimate both point estimates and the level of uncertainty associated with these estimates (e.g., travel time variance) might help to further improve reliability by tempering user expectations. In this paper, accelerated failure time survival models are proposed to provide such simultaneous predictions. Data from a headway-based bus route serving the Pennsylvania State University-University Park campus were used to estimate bus travel times using the proposed survival model and traditional linear regression frameworks for comparison. Overall, the accuracy of point estimates from the two approaches, measured using the root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and mean absolute errors (MAEs), was similar. This suggests that both methods predict travel times equally well. However, the survival models were found to more accurately describe the uncertainty associated with the predictions. Furthermore, survival model estimates were found to have smaller uncertainties on average, especially when predicted travel times were small. Tests for transferability over time suggested that the models did not over-fit the dataset and validated the predictive ability of models established with historical data. Overall, the survival model approach appears to be a promising method to predict both expected bus travel times and the uncertainty associated with these travel times.     

Adaptive data dissemination for time-constrained messages in dynamic vehicular networks

With the advent of emerging wireless communication technologies, tremendous efforts have been put on promoting the safety and efficiency of transportation services by developing innovative applications. In particular, there has been significant interest in accessing information stored at RSUs (Roadside Units). The unique characteristics in vehicular networks, such as dynamic traffic factors including vehicle arrival rate, dwell time and data access patterns, bring us new challenges on data dissemination. This work dedicates to the investigation of timely and adaptive data dissemination in the dynamically changing traffic environment. Firstly, we derive an analytical model to explore and examine the effects of the dynamic traffic factors. In light of the theoretical results, an on-line scheduling algorithm is proposed for adaptive data dissemination. Finally, we evaluate performance of the new algorithm in a variety of circumstances. The simulation results demonstrate satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithm.     

The impact of real-time information on bus ridership in New York City

In the past few years, numerous mobile applications have made it possible for public transit passengers to find routes and/or learn about the expected arrival time of their transit vehicles. Though these services are widely used, their impact on overall transit ridership remains unclear. The objective of this research is to assess the effect of real-time information provided via web-enabled and mobile devices on public transit ridership. An empirical evaluation is conducted for New York City, which is the setting of a natural experiment in which a real-time bus tracking system was gradually launched on a borough-by-borough basis beginning in 2011. Panel regression techniques are used to evaluate bus ridership over a three year period, while controlling for changes in transit service, fares, local socioeconomic conditions, weather, and other factors. A fixed effects model of average weekday unlinked bus trips per month reveals an increase of approximately 118 trips per route per weekday (median increase of 1.7% of weekday route-level ridership) attributable to providing real-time information. Further refinement of the fixed effects model suggests that this ridership increase may only be occurring on larger routes; specifically, the largest quartile of routes defined by revenue miles of service realized approximately 340 additional trips per route per weekday (median increase of 2.3% per route). Although the increase in weekday route-level ridership may appear modest, on aggregate these increases exert a substantial positive effect on farebox revenue. The implications of this research are critical to decision-makers at the country’s transit operators who face pressure to increase ridership under limited budgets, particularly as they seek to prioritize investments in infrastructure, service offerings, and new technologies.     

多脉冲宽带相关成像的分辨率研究

在多种成像方式的统一物理模型 - 旋转体成像模型基础上,研究了逆合成孔径声呐成像(ISAS)、宽带相关成像(WBC)的成像机理,分析了它们的距离和方位分辨率.从中引出一种多脉冲宽带相关成像研究思路,理论分析了多脉冲宽带相关成像的分辨率.分析结果表明,多脉冲宽带相关成像方法能解决逆合成孔径成像算法在水声应用中必然碰到的测距和测速之间矛盾的问题,并且方位向分辨率与宽带相关成像(WBC)方法相比大为提高.最后通过数字仿真将多脉冲宽带相关成像算法运用到对实际水下延展目标的成像中,初步验证了该方法的分辨能力.     

Real-time route diversion control in a model predictive control framework with multiple objectives: Traffic efficiency,emission reduction and fuel economy

In this paper, the route recommendation provided by the traffic management authority, rather than the uncontrollable bifurcation splitting rate, is directly considered as the control variable in the route guidance system; a real-time en-route diversion control strategy with multiple objectives is designed in a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework with regard to system uncertainties and disturbances. The objectives include not only traffic efficiency, but also emission reduction and fuel economy, which respectively correspond to minimizing the total time spent (TTS), total amount of emissions and fuel consumption for all vehicles moving through a network. In the MPC framework, the routing control problem is transformed to be a constrained combinational optimization, which is solved by the parallel Tabu Search algorithm. Two representative traffic scenarios are tested, and the simulation results show: (1) The room for improvement in each objective by means of route diversion control is not consistent with each other and varies with the utilized traffic scenario. In the peak hour, the routing control can lead to significant improvements in TTS and fuel economy, while a relatively small improvement in emission reduction is achieved; in the off-peak hour, however, it is opposite, which indicates that routing is possibly dispensable from the aspect of improving traffic efficiency, but is required from the aspect of emission reduction. (2) The conflict among the multiple objectives varies with the utilized traffic scenario in route diversion control. Improving traffic efficiency often conflicts with emission reduction in both scenarios. For the objectives of traffic efficiency and fuel economy, they are not conflicting in peak hour, while in the off-peak hour, the two objectives are likely conflicting, and the improvement in one objective can lead to the degradation in the other objective. (3) Regardless of the scenarios of peak hour or off-peak hour, the proposed control strategy can result in a proper trade-off among the three chosen objectives.     

信息融合系统能力综合评价的一种计算方法

不同的融合系统具有的融合效果是不同的。在相同的能力要素指标空间下,不同软件版本在各个指标上会表现出差异,有的在漏情率上要好,但可能精度较差。为了能综合评价不同版本的信息融合能力差异,本文提出了一种计算信息融合系统能力综合得分的归一化方法,并给出了1个实际应用例子。     

燃料电池控制系统自动代码生成

针对自行开发的软硬件平台,结合控制算法的Simulink模型设计了代码自动生成的方法,实现了基于Motorola PowerPC555单片机的电子控制单元和OSEK Turbo实时操作系统的燃料电池控制系统开发过程中的快速迭代,最终实现了快速控制原型开发。该控制系统经过10kW燃料电池发动机实验,取得了良好的控制效果。