不同钢内衬加固钢筋混凝土管涵力学特性试验研究

为研究不同钢内衬加固钢筋混凝土管涵的加固效果及其力学特性,对不加固的钢筋混凝土管、10 mm厚平钢管内衬加固钢筋混凝土管、波纹钢管内衬加固钢筋混凝土管3个试件进行两点加载试验,测试P—Δ曲线及截面应变。试验结果表明:采用直接加固方式时,波纹钢管内衬加固钢筋混凝土管、平钢管内衬加固钢筋混凝土管的极限承载力分别比未加固圆管的极限承载力提高240%、22%;加固形成的钢筋混凝土—内填混凝土—内衬波纹钢管截面为部分组合截面;钢筋混凝土—内填混凝土—内衬平钢管截面接近非组合截面,其受力过程与未加固管截面受力过程相似。     

Roll- and pitch-plane coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension

Passive fluidically coupled suspensions have been considered to offer a promising alternative solution to the challenging design of a vehicle suspension system. A theoretical foundation, however, has not been established for fluidically coupled suspension to facilitate its broad applications to various vehicles. The first part of this study investigates the fundamental issues related to feasibility and properties of the passive, full-vehicle interconnected, hydro-pneumatic suspension configurations using both analytical and simulation techniques. Layouts of various interconnected suspension configurations are illustrated based on two novel hydro-pneumatic suspension strut designs, both of which provide a compact design with a considerably large effective working area. A simplified measure, vehicle property index, is proposed to permit a preliminary evaluation of different interconnected suspension configurations using qualitative scaling of the bounce-, roll-, pitch- and warp-mode stiffness properties. Analytical formulations for the properties of unconnected and three selected X-coupled suspension configurations are derived, and simulation results are obtained to illustrate their relative stiffness and damping properties in the bounce, roll, pitch and warp modes. The superior design flexibility feature of the interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension is also discussed through sensitivity analysis of a design parameter, namely the annular piston area of the strut. The results demonstrate that a full-vehicle interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension could provide enhanced roll- and pitch-mode stiffness and damping, while retaining the soft bounce- and warp-mode properties. Such an interconnected suspension thus offers considerable potential in realising enhanced decoupling among the different suspension modes.     

A new methodology for incident detection and characterization on surface streets

In this paper, a new methodology is presented for real-time detection and characterization of incidents on surface streets. The proposed automatic incident detection approach is capable of detecting incidents promptly as well as characterizing incidents in terms of time-varying lane-changing fractions and queue lengths in blocked lanes, lanes blocked due to incidents, and incident duration. The architecture of the proposed incident detection approach consists of three sequential procedures: (1) Symptom Identification for identification of incident symptoms, (2) Signal Processing for real-time prediction of incident-related lane traffic characteristics and (3) Pattern Recognition for incident recognition. Lane traffic counts and occupancy are the only two major types of input data, which can be readily collected from point detectors. The primary techniques utilized in this paper include: (1) a discrete-time, nonlinear, stochastic system with boundary constraints to predict real-time lane-changing fractions and queue lengths and (2) a pattern-recognition-based algorithm employing modified sequential probability ratio tests (MSPRT) to detect incidents. Off-line tests based on simulated as well as video-based real data were conducted to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. The test results have indicated the feasibility of achieving real-time incident detection using the proposed methodology.     

加快船舶配套产品的发展

船舶工业的发展离不开船舶配套工业的发展,"十一五"期间我国要实现优势产品的生产能力大幅提升,自主研发取得一定突破,基本掌握重点产品关键制造技术,本土化生产率达60%以上,但本土化不是国产化,更不是有自主品牌自主知识产权的国产化产品,应在引进消化吸收后更注意技术创新,在有条件的配套产品中率先加快配套的国产化进程.     

缓冲型防落梁钢圈限位装置力学性能试验

经合理设计的防落梁限位装置可以有效减小地震发生时桥梁上、下部结构间的相对位移，阻止落梁破坏的发生，而明确限位装置力学性能是对其进行合理设计的必要前提。为探明缓冲型防落梁钢圈限位装置的滞回性能和破坏模式，并提出极限位移和极限承载力的计算方法，制作了6个试件进行拟静力试验研究。分析了钢材种类、限位装置截面高度h和直线段长度a等设计参数对其力学性能的影响，试验结果表明：①在初期的加、卸载过程中，试件以弯曲变形为主，刚度及承载力低。由于弧段部位过早出现塑性，卸载后出现永久性变形；试件在反复加载过程中，累计塑性变形增加，后期以拉伸变形为主，刚度大。试件达到最大承载力后，发生颈缩、断裂破坏，最终丧失承载能力。②分析试件圆弧段测得的应变，加载初期内侧受拉，外侧受压；随着位移的增加，弧段外侧达到最大压应变后，试件被拉直，中性轴偏离截面形心；破坏时，试件各部位均出现较大的拉应变。③参数a对试件启动限位功能时机影响较大，对试件初期刚度几乎没有影响；参数h增加时，承载力的增长速率、初期刚度以及最大承载力均增加，但对位移影响较小；改变钢材种类对承载力影响较大，对位移影响较小。在试验研究的基础上，提出了该类限位装置的极限承载力与极限位移计算公式，并验证了计算公式的有效性。     

结合水对软土次固结特性的影响机制研究

结合水对软土的工程特性具有重要影响，为研究结合水对软土次固结特性的影响机制，选取天津软土为研究对象，开展了结合水的等温吸附试验及原状土和不同结合水含量下重塑土的固结蠕变试验。从结合水角度对原状土的固结蠕变特性进行了探讨，并就结合水类型及含量对重塑土蠕变特性的影响机制进行了研究。研究结果表明：等温吸附试验中90%相对湿度节点为土中强、弱结合水的界限，98%相对湿度节点为弱结合水和自由水的界限；相应的，土中强结合水吸附量为13.2%，弱结合水吸附量为22.6%；另外，水化中心的改变导致强结合水阶段吸-脱附过程之间存在明显的滞后效应。原状土固结蠕变过程中，当固结压力p＞400 kPa后，土体的次固结受弱结合水控制，此时结合水排水比自由水困难许多，这是原状土次固结系数在400 kPa后开始逐渐减小的原因之一；原状土在整个固结蠕变过程中排出了12.1%的自由水和9%的弱结合水，没有强结合水排出。在强结合水范围内重塑土的次固结变形及次固结系数对结合水量的变化并不敏感，进入强、弱结合水共存状态后，结合水量对重塑土次固结的影响逐渐显现出来，次固结变形量及次固结系数随含水量的增加呈现加速增加的趋势，说明弱结合水是软土固结蠕变的主控因素。     

盘式制动器性能试验台模拟机的研制

对盘式制动器工作原理及试验原理进行了研究，研制开发出了盘式制动器性能试验台模拟机。介绍了模拟机主机部分的设计，实现飞轮组的多片组合，设计出驱动制动系统和单片机测试系统，以保证系统的模拟精度。     

轻质夹层结构复合材料的制备及性能

为减轻以往夹层结构复合材料的密度,采用高强玻璃钢材料作为表层、多种空心玻璃微珠填充聚氨酯改性环氧树脂合成的轻质吸声材料作为芯材,制备了一种新型的轻质夹层结构复合材料,对夹层复合材料的制备工艺进行设计,并研究其水声性能和力学性能。结果证明,以南京玻纤院的S2高强织物采用真空成型合成的玻璃钢作为表层材料和轻质聚氨酯改性环氧树脂材料作为芯材来制作的夹层结构复合材料具有重量轻、水声性能和力学性能优良的特点,在降低夹层结构复合材料重量的同时,具有良好的声隐身性能和承载性能,更有利于工程应用。     

企业科技创新与知识产权制度建设

知识产权制度是保护和推进企业科技创新的重要机制.鉴于目前我国企业知识产权制度存在的种种弊端,加强知识产权制度建设,充分发挥知识产权制度在企业科技创新中的作用,应从健全知识产权法律体系、完善知识产权管理制度、建构企业知识产权文化、创新科技成果转化机制等几方面着手.     

投影变换过程的可靠性评价

传统的投影变换评价仅考虑精度指标,文中指出投影变换的质量评价指标应包括精度、可靠性、可逆性、惟一性、扩展性和效率.就投影变换的可靠性,以两个平面坐标系间严密坐标变换、平面相似变换和多项式变换模型在不同解算点分布下的实验,考察公共点数量、分布、数据相关性等几何条件,与模型性质对其的影响,验证了可靠性指标的必要性、有效性和可行性,并推导出优化变换抗差本领应具备的要件.