Preliminary studies concerning the application of different braking arrangements on Italian freight trains

Freight wagons are usually equipped with the standard Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer pneumatic brake. On long trains, the propagation of the pneumatic signals along the pipe and different braking/loading conditions may produce delays and/or differences in the application of the braking effort along the train. This phenomenon may cause heavy longitudinal forces exchanged between wagons through buffers and draw gear. In particular, the workgroup n.6 (freight trains composition) of the Italcertifer committee has performed some preliminary studies concerning the application of LL braking operative conditions on freight wagons trains travelling on Italian lines. Partners have cooperated in this workgroup; however, in this paper, the attention is focused on methodologies and results concerning the contribution of University of Florence. The results of this activity, coordinated by RFI-CESIFER have been used to emanate the 20/07 rule of the RFI (‘Modifiche alla Prefazione Generale all'Orario di Servizio’) which modify the composition criterion rules of freight trains on the Italian Railways in order to introduce and discipline the application of the LL braking operative condition.     

一种汽车制动解除慢的成因分析

根据制动力系数和滑动率理论曲线,推理出其逆向过程,分析了一种制动解除慢的形成原因和影响因素,为整车开发设计提供了依据。     

高寒地区货车空气制动系统易发故障的原因及建议

对哈尔滨铁路局所处高寒地区运输生产过程中货车空气制动系统故障多发的问题进行了统计,并对低温环境下运用货车制动故障进行了调查、试验和分析,查找了问题产生的原因,并提出了具体可行的整改性措施及建议。     

可提高能量再生效率的锂离子充电电池

近30多年来,再生制动系统已为电动车组降低能耗做出了极大贡献.然而,这种系统还存在许多问题,如再生能被车轮滑行和拖车电压抵消,在高速范围电制动力降低,供电电路阻抗限定了再生功率.为了利用和循环利用制动能,确保稳定的再生荷载,我们选用锂离子电池来储能,开发出锂离子充电电池(600V系统),作为重要的替换方法之一用于电动车组.阐述了使用锂离子充电电池、能量再利用的无接触导线电车,展示了电车性能和电池特性.并表明,开发中的电池在能量和功率密度、效率、500A充电和放电电流、内部电阻和维护等各方面都有极好的性能.     

广州地铁车辆制动系统的特点分析

综述广州地铁1、2、3号线车辆制动方式、主要组成部件、作用原理及特点,着重介绍采用目前世界上最先进技术的3号线车辆制动系统,同时对供气系统也作了分析和说明。     

国产地铁车辆制动系统

介绍国产地铁车辆制动系统的主要性能及采用的德国克诺尔制动机公司生产的模拟式电控制动系统的主要组成部件及作用原理。其中,微处理制动控制与车轮滑行控制电子单元KBGM-P,以及制动控制单元BCU是该模拟式电控制动系统的核心控制部件。制动控制单元的所有部件集中地装在一个单独的具有气路的集成板上,结构紧凑,便于检修维护。     

南京地铁车辆制动系统特点分析

根据南京地铁车辆制动系统的特点，分析了该地铁车辆制动系统的作用原理及作用过程，对电制动、能耗制动、空气制动分别作了较为详尽的分析和说明。     

新一代机车车辆制动装置

483型空气分配阀是前苏联研制的一种较先进的货运机车车辆用分配阀，在该分配阀的基础上，新研制出了483系列客运机车车辆用分配阀(包括电空制动机)，实现了客货机车车辆制动机在结构和原理上的最大限度地统一，并提高了旅客列车的制动性能。本文介绍了新研制的483系列分配阀的结构组成和性能特点。     

SS4B型电力机车（8）：空气管路系统

从机车风源、控制管路、辅助管路和机车制动机等方面入手，介绍了ＳＳ４Ｂ型电力机车空气管路系统。机车制动机中增设的空电联合制动及自动常用制动功能，使机车制动机功能更加完善。     

Alternative friction models for braking train dynamics

Braking dynamics plays an essential role in ensuring the comfort and running safety of trains. Due to the complexity of the phenomena involved and the presence of dry friction, studies have been carried out by numerical methods using smoothening. Based on the non-smooth dynamics framework, in the present paper, an efficient and comprehensive alternative model is defined. Set-valued friction of Coulomb's law type is accounted for and motion equations are formulated as a differential inclusion. Some of the fundamental issues of contact dynamics are briefly reviewed. Static friction forces which arise in buffers are computed in a very intuitive and efficient manner, using an original method involving generalised inverses of matrices. The corresponding algorithm is described. Numerical integration is done by an event-driven algorithm. Indeterminate system configurations can be appropriately handled. The number of vehicles on which tests have been carried out ranged from 5 to 50. Comparison with the smoothening method reveals significant differences. Computational efficiency is dramatically improved. Computation speed can rise by a few orders of magnitude. Specific phenomena such as stick–slip or persistent longitudinal forces can be evidenced. Computed values of the system states differ substantially. In addition to this, any wagon connection model can be embedded.