高速动车组再生制动控制系统的研究与仿真

研究目的:制动控制是高速动车组安全运行的关键技术之一,也是动车组牵引传动系统的重要组成部分。高速动车组的制动系统采用再生制动和电气指令式空气制动相结合的方式。在所有制动方式中,再生制动是唯一一种向电网回馈能量的方式,日益成为交流传动动车组的首选制动方式。如何实现牵引、制动、恒速、惰行等不同控制方式之间的平滑切换、回馈电网的单位功率因数控制是再生制动控制系统的核心技术。本文以CRH2型动车组为研究对象,对动车组再生制动关键技术进行研究,研究成果对高速动车组牵引变流关键技术的消化、吸收、再创新具有一定参考价值。研究结论:(1)设计出一种基于双滞环调节的恒速控制器,实现动车组在0～250 km/h范围内任意速度下稳定运行。(2)仿真系统在动车组制动时能够实现能量的回馈和电网的单位功率因数控制,且可以按照特性曲线发出再生制动力指令,满足动车组运行要求。     

SS_(4B)型机车DK-2空气制动柜检测试验台设计

为提升DK-2空气制动柜的试验检测手段,提高产品质量,研发了SS4B型机车空气制动柜综合检测试验台。文章介绍了试验台的结构与原理,同时阐述了软硬件设计。通过实际运用情况,证明该试验台性能良好,运行可靠,可应用于SS4改/SS4B型机车DK-2空气制动柜的检测试验。     

超级电容在地铁制动能量回收中的应用研究

针对机车启动、制动对直流母线电压的影响,提出一种基于超级电容的储能装置,该装置通过双向DC-DC变换器为列车提供牵引或者吸收再生制动过程的暂态能量,分析了超级电容储能系统充放电控制策略,搭建了一个750V直流电气化铁路仿真平台,仿真结果验证了超级电容储能系统能够维持直流母线电压稳定,有效地防止城市轨道交通供电系统中电力负荷波动和避免再生制动能量的浪费。     

基于超级电容的再生制动能量吸收装置分析

为解决地铁接触网压因再生制动而升高的问题,以北京地铁13号线为例,利用制动特性曲线进行分析,仿真并计算出列车再生制动能量大小,以此为基础,设计储能系统的电容量等参数和储能阵列的串并联方式。利用Simulink仿真平台,模拟网压变化,对超级电容储能系统进行仿真分析,验证了系统功能的有效性,为实际工程提供了理论指导和依据。     

再论我国列车空气制动力计算参数的成套性原则

介绍我国客货列车空气制动力的计算参数.论述制动力计算中的基础制动装置计算传动效率、实算闸瓦压力和闸瓦实算摩擦系数的成套性.指出《列车牵引计算规程》规定的实算摩擦系数是根据实算闸瓦压力试验出来的,而试验时用的实算闸瓦压力又是按基础制动装置的计算传动效率计算的,所以在计算列车空气制动力时,其中的实算闸瓦压力必须用计算传动效率计算.否则不能得出正确的计算结果.     

跨座式单轨车辆技术国产化

跨座式单轨车辆从技术引进至今已经走过10个年头。最初的重庆单轨2号线采用从国外引进的跨座式单轨系统,在项目国产化的实施过程中,掌握了部分核心技术,取得了部分创新性科技成果。近几年,通过重庆单轨3号线、国产化单轨车、2号线延长线等几个项目的执行,对车辆关键的牵引、制动及网络系统均实现了国产化,取得了可喜的成果。掌握跨座式单轨车辆核心技术,对关键部件实施国产化,已经成为发展单轨交通的必由之路。     

大连快轨车辆制动控制旁路开关改造方案

针对大连快轨车辆制动控制电路的故障案例进行分析,得出故障产生的原因多数是由于安全连锁电路断开造成。为解决这一问题,提出加装旁路开关的解决措施,有效避免了因车辆制动系统无法缓解导致救援事故的发生,从而保证车辆正点运营秩序。     

多轴分布式电驱动车辆电液复合制动控制研究

针对多轴分布式电机驱动车辆电液复合制动中易出现的车辆制动抖动问题,提出了一种建压阶段电机制动力修正策略和一种基于前馈-反馈的协调控制策略,分别在建压阶段和其他阶段通过协调复合制动力来解决制动抖动的问题。针对防抱死控制系统与电机制动系统共同作用时的制动矛盾,提出了一种基于PID 控制的ABS控制策略,主要通过改变电机制动力来解决制动矛盾的问题。通过TruckSim、Matlab/Simulink及AMESim联合仿真验证,制动冲击度在建压阶段下降了 20.66%,在电机退出阶段下降了 92.59%,驾驶感觉得到明显改善。而 ABS控制策略也可在保证理想滑移率的同时完成制动能量回收;结合整车制动试验,表明协调控制策略在保证制动效果良好的同时实现了制动能量回收,效果显著。     

Distributed and self-adaptive vehicle speed estimation in the composite braking case for four-wheel drive hybrid electric car

Considering the controllability and observability of the braking torques of the hub motor, Integrated Starter Generator (ISG), and hydraulic brake for four-wheel drive (4WD) hybrid electric cars, a distributed and self-adaptive vehicle speed estimation algorithm for different braking situations has been proposed by fully utilising the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) sensor signals and multiple powersource signals. Firstly, the simulation platform of a 4WD hybrid electric car was established, which integrates an electronic-hydraulic composited braking system model and its control strategy, a nonlinear seven degrees-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model, and the Burckhardt tyre model. Secondly, combining the braking torque signals with the ESP signals, self-adaptive unscented Kalman sub-filter and main-filter adaptable to the observation noise were, respectively, designed. Thirdly, the fusion rules for the sub-filters and master filter were proposed herein, and the estimation results were compared with the simulated value of a real vehicle speed. Finally, based on the hardware in-the-loop platform and by picking up the regenerative motor torque signals and wheel cylinder pressure signals, the proposed speed estimation algorithm was tested under the case of moderate braking on the highly adhesive road, and the case of Antilock Braking System (ABS) action on the slippery road, as well as the case of ABS action on the icy road. Test results show that the presented vehicle speed estimation algorithm has not only a high precision but also a strong adaptability in the composite braking case.     

Advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety

ABSTRACT

This paper presents state-of-the art within advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety. The most common accidents with heavy trucks involved are truck against passenger cars. Safety critical situations are for example loss of control (such as rollover and lateral stability) and a majority of these occur during speed when cornering. Other critical situations are avoidance manoeuvre and road edge recovery. The dynamic behaviour of heavy trucks have significant differences compared to passenger cars and as a consequence, successful application of vehicle dynamic functions for enhanced safety of trucks might differ from the functions in passenger cars. Here, the differences between vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks and passenger cars are clarified. Advanced vehicle dynamics solutions with the perspective of road safety of trucks are presented, beginning with the topic vehicle stability, followed by the steering system, the braking system and driver assistance systems that differ in some way from that of passenger cars as well.