发射动力系统有用能调节技术研究的若干问题

本文提出了有用能调节技术试验需解决的问题，分析了代用工质气体的通用性、可视性、经济性以及缩比试验装置的共架技术和相似性，提出了代用工质气体原理性试验的技术途径。通过一定的技术途径，可以开展不同动力系统有用能调节技术的试验研究工作。     

满足欧Ⅱ及欧Ⅲ排放法规的车用汽油机冷起动排放控制技术

配有三效催化器的汽油机，排气中的HC排放物70％－80％是在冷起动阶段产生的。从冷起动阶段HC产生的主要原因入手，分析了空燃比、点火提前角对HC的影响，提出了现今国内外为满足欧Ⅱ及欧Ⅲ排放法规、减少冷起动阶段HC排放所采取的机内措施和排气后处理技术，并对不同排气后处理技术装置进行了对比。     

实施公路施工机械监理的可行性及管理办法

提出了创建一流精品工程必须要有机械监理的思想，并结合泰安市公路局两个合同段高速公路的施工实践，探讨了机械监理实施的可行性，详细介绍了泰安市公路局机械监理办法。     

内河船舶舱底水量的统计分析及确定

分析了论述了现有的以船舶总吨位确定舱底水量方法的不足,提出了以船舶总功能确定舱底水量的新观念。经对３８艘内河航船长达一年的舱底水量的大量数据统计测量和回归分析,得到了估算舱底水量的经验公式。     

汽车驱动轮的防滑转控制

汽车驱动防滑控制系统是一种新型的主动安全控制系统,是继防抱死制动系统之后应用于车轮防滑的电子控制系统,文章较详细地介绍了驱动防滑控制系统的基本原理和控制方法。     

欧美通用小型汽油机排放法规介绍

通用小型汽油机排放法规主要包括分类、测试循环、限值及耐久性要求等方面;美国先行一步,欧洲与美国基本一致。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

Outsourcing rural school transportation: A Brazilian handbook for practice at the municipal level

In Brazil, Rural School Transportation (RST) falls under the responsibility of state and municipal governments. However, there are no clear rules to guide the provision of this essential service. RST in Brazil is characterised by inefficient contracting practices, poor service control by school administration, and lack of legal instruments to penalise poor services, thus allowing operators to run services according to their own commercial criteria. In addition, payment is low, leading to the employment of old vehicles, lack of safety equipment, and non-convenient routes, among other aspects. As a result, school children provided with this service are subject to long travel time over large distances, and irregular and late services, coupled with poorly maintained roads. When children finally arrive at school they are tired, which often negatively affects their school performance and attendance, contributing to early school drop-out. In order to contribute to the improvement of school transportation quality, state and municipal authorities must develop the required organisational, planning, and regulatory skills. Accordingly, this article addresses the elements and the structure of a handbook that is being elaborated for local governments.     

《布鲁塞尔公约》第五条第一款中有关合同"相应义务"的研究

为了欧共体各国法院的管辖权确定以及法院判决能够在其他成员国得到承认和执行,1968年9月27日,由欧共体6个成员国共同签订了《布鲁塞尔公约》。该公约的目的在于实现"法院判决的自由流通"。而在确定法院管辖权问题上,公约就管辖权事宜规定了三种情形,即普通管辖权、特殊管辖权以及专属管辖权。其中最具争议性的问题来自于公约第五条第一款特殊管辖权中的一个措词——"相应义务"("the obligation in question")。本文将结合欧盟法院(the European Court of Justice)以及上议院(the House of Lords)相关判例,着重分析布鲁塞尔公约第五条第一款中的"相应义务",同时阐述《布鲁塞尔第一规则》(Brussels 1 Regulation)第五条第一款中(b)和(c)项中有关新措词的意义。     

关于船长权力的思考

在船舶管理工作中,随着航运企业的营运市场化,必须改变传统观念对船长权力的思考,应以国际公约、规则和法律为依据,正确理解船长权力的界限,全面落实对船长的授权,保证船长具有适当的指挥资格;完全熟悉船公司的安全管理体系;能可靠地履行其职责。使船长能有效地实施船舶管理和安全运行。