航标技术改造中的风险预测及管理

风险预测及管理是国示航8标界近年来颇为关注的话题。如何在航标管理中引入风险的概念,如何通过风险管理来达到航标建设投入与产出的合理平衡是我们中国航标界人员应仔细思考的问题。本文结合以往在航标技术改造中的一些经验,论述了航标技术改造的风险类型,以及相应的评估指标体系,初步总结了这方面的经验,供参考。     

隧道工程风险评估及控制措施

阐述了新建隧道工程风险评估的意义、风险评估的程序、风险评估方法的选择及具体步骤,提出了评估结论及规避该隧道工程风险的具体控制措施。     

象山特长隧道施工风险分析

在隧道宏观工程背景分析的基础上,对龙厦铁路象山隧道施工风险进行了详细的分析,指出了象山隧道施工面临突水突泥、地表失水、塌方、软岩变形、岩爆、瓦斯爆炸、高地温、有轨运输溜车等八项典型施工风险,对长大隧道施工风险控制具有指导意义。     

缓倾岩层隧道施工风险评估研究

基于熵法、模糊综合评价法,并结合离散元数值模拟方法,对缓倾岩层隧道的施工风险评价与对策进行研究。通过回顾相关文献,建立针对缓倾岩层隧道的施工风险评价指标体系,将熵法和模糊综合评价法运用到风险评价中,结合离散元数值模拟软件3DEC判断围岩及支护系统的稳定性,为风险评估提供依据。根据风险评估结果提出相应的风险规避对策。实践表明,针对缓倾岩层隧道建立的指标体系和评估方法,结合定量数值模型分析,有效提高评估施工风险的可靠程度与支护设计的针对性及有效性,以期减少安全事故。     

Incorporating human-factors in car-following models: A review of recent developments and research needs

Over the past decades there has been a considerable development in the modeling of car-following (CF) behavior as a result of research undertaken by both traffic engineers and traffic psychologists. While traffic engineers seek to understand the behavior of a traffic stream, traffic psychologists seek to describe the human abilities and errors involved in the driving process. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these two research streams.It is necessary to consider human-factors in CF modeling for a more realistic representation of CF behavior in complex driving situations (for example, in traffic breakdowns, crash-prone situations, and adverse weather conditions) to improve traffic safety and to better understand widely-reported puzzling traffic flow phenomena, such as capacity drop, stop-and-go oscillations, and traffic hysteresis. While there are some excellent reviews of CF models available in the literature, none of these specifically focuses on the human factors in these models.This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the available literature with a specific focus on the latest advances in car-following models from both the engineering and human behavior points of view. In so doing, it analyses the benefits and limitations of various models and highlights future research needs in the area.     

Estimating economic losses of industry clusters due to port disruptions

Seaport operations are highly important for industries which rely heavily on imports and exports. A reliable evaluation of port risks is essential to govern the normal running of seaborne transportation and thus the industrial economies. The occurrence of a breakdown in the trade facilitators, such as ports, will disrupt the smooth flow of supply chains for the industries. The estimation of the economic loss for an industry when a port gets disrupted is a challenging task as the relationship between the port and industry clusters is complex. This study aims to develop a systematic framework for performing economic loss estimation of industry clusters due to port disruptions. The whole risk assessment is split into three stages focusing on the establishment of a network flow model, economic estimations and evaluating risk mitigation strategies. The proposed idea is demonstrated by a case study on Shenzhen port and its related manufacturing industries. A dynamic inventory control strategy used by manufacturers is found to be beneficial for mitigating port disruption risks.     

Modeling heterogeneous risk-taking behavior in route choice: A stochastic dominance approach

This paper proposes a unified approach to modeling heterogonous risk-taking behavior in route choice based on the theory of stochastic dominance (SD). Specifically, the first-, second-, and third-order stochastic dominance (FSD, SSD, TSD) are respectively linked to insatiability, risk-aversion and ruin-aversion within the framework of utility maximization. The paths that may be selected by travelers of different risk-taking preferences can be obtained from the corresponding SD-admissible paths, which can be generated using general dynamic programming. This paper also analyzes the relationship between the SD-based approach and other route choice models that consider risk-taking behavior. These route choice models employ a variety of reliability indexes, which often make the problem of finding optimal paths intractable. We show that the optimal paths with respect to these reliability indexes often belong to one of the three SD-admissible path sets. This finding offers not only an interpretation of risk-taking behavior consistent with the SD theory for these route choice models, but also a unified and computationally viable solution approach through SD-admissible path sets, which are usually small and can be generated without having to enumerate all paths. A generic label-correcting algorithm is proposed to generate FSD-, SSD-, and TSD-admissible paths, and numerical experiments are conducted to test the algorithm and to verify the analytical results.     

地铁建设工程的风险管理应用研究

地铁建设工程作为一项大型工程项目,往往存在着大量的不确定风险因素,因而风险管理在地铁工程中变得越来越重要.文章通过对国内外地铁工程事故经验的探讨,提出了地铁建设工程中风险管理的框架,包括风险辨识、分析和评估、应对以及风险防范措施等,以预防和减轻地铁工程风险,达到降低风险等级的目的.     

小净距大跨度公路隧道安全风险管理与施工技术

小净距大跨度隧道风险影响因素复杂、施工期风险较大,需要开展有效的安全风险管理.通过对各类小净距大跨度隧道施工安全事故的分析统计,并结合现场施工实践,建立了安全风险评价指标体系,提出了施工阶段风险管理理念.文章引入ANP方法综合分析风险指标体系各指标间的相互关系,计算出各指标的整体权重,评价出施工中的主要风险源,并针对其制定了有效的施工控制措施.广安翠屏山隧道工程实践证明,实行安全风险管理可提高施工期安全水平,保证工程的顺利推进以至完工.其理论和方法可为同类工程所借鉴.     

BOT方式投资建设高速公路的风险及其规避措施

BOT是＂build-operate-transfer＂的缩写,意为＂建设-经营-转让＂,是私营企业参与基础设施建设,向社会提供公共服务的一种方式。文章阐述了高速公路项目采用BOT投资方式的优势,并应用具体实例分析了高速公路BOT项目的建设期风险、经营期风险和市场风险,探讨了BOT投资方式项目经营者的风险规避措施和方法。