航母舰载机装备体系及指标论证方法

  目的  舰载机保障作业是舰载机出动回收流程中最为关键的环节,通过合理配置保障人员,能够提高舰载机机群的保障能力和出动架次率,从而提高航母的综合作战能力。  方法  针对舰载机保障作业的人员配置问题,结合实际的复杂作战环境,基于舰载机机群保障完成时间、保障人员负载均衡性和累计转移时间,建立多目标的保障人员数量和技能配置的数学模型,并设计整数编码方式和基于事件调度策略的解码方法,提出一种基于改进的NSGA2的人员优化配置算法进行求解。  结果  仿真结果显示,该算法能够对所建立的数学模型进行有效求解,仿真结果满足实际作战需求。  结论  采用改进的NSGA2算法,结合舰载机保障流程、人员数量和技能配置问题,能够给出多目标优化后的舰载机保障方案。     

河口垂向二维悬沙输移数学模型

针对窄深的潮汐河口建立了沿宽度方向积分平均的垂向二维悬沙输移数学模型,潮流场的模拟采用三维MOHID模型,悬沙对流扩散方程采用Galerkin有限元法进行求解。利用该模型模拟了长江口北槽段潮流输沙过程,计算结果与实测资料较好吻合,表明了该模型能够模拟窄深的潮汐型河口地区悬沙输移过程。     

船舶烟气余热S-CO2布雷顿循环发电技术发展分析与评述

  目的  旨在应对超临界二氧化碳（S-CO₂）布雷顿循环发电系统外界条件扰动对运行参数可能造成的影响,保证系统高效、安全稳定地运行。  方法  基于Matlab/Simulink平台搭建简单S-CO₂布雷顿循环发电系统动态数值仿真模型,并进行系统瞬态运行特性分析;模拟冷却器参数发生变化时热力循环系统运行参数的变化规律,分析冷源温度波动对系统各部件进出口参数和系统循环效率的影响以及调节手段。  结果  结果显示,由搭建的系统瞬态仿真模型所得结果与实验结果间的最大误差为3.658%;冷却水温度升高2 K会导致压缩机入口温度升高1.4 K,系统需300 s恢复稳定;增加PID控制系统后,压缩机入口温度变化幅值降低50%,系统稳定时间减少62%。  结论  建立的模型能够准确反映系统运行情况,由冷却水温度升高和流量增加对系统影响的对立性为基础而搭建的PID控制系统能够保证系统内CO₂工质始终处于临界点以上,可以保障系统安全稳定运行。     

无人水面艇在水上交通安全监管中的应用

针对水上复杂多变的环境给无人艇（USV）控制带来的不确定性干扰,提出基于二型模糊控制算法的USV航向航速控制器,并运用所提算法研制一套智能自主稳健的控制系统。

构建USV航向航速运动特性模型,利用递推最小二乘法（RLS）对航向航速运动特性模型进行参数辨识,基于辨识的航向航速运动特性模型分别设计二型模糊控制算法和滑模控制算法,并进行实艇验证试验。

结果表明,相较于滑模控制算法,二型模糊控制算法在控制USV时表现出了较好的鲁棒性,具有较理想的抗干扰能力,但在实时响应方面略长。

研究结果可为在不确定干扰环境下的USV运动控制提供参考。

     

横向背索独塔单索面曲线地铁斜拉桥设计

南京地铁2号线跨仙林大道斜拉桥为国内首座采用单索面的曲线地铁斜拉桥,以其为工程背景,介绍该桥的景观设计、结构设计及施工方案,阐述该桥与常规单索面直线斜拉桥的不同之处及其技术难点,为类似桥梁的设计提供参考.     

Can we reduce car use and, if so, how? A review of available evidence

Transport accounts for nearly a quarter of current energy-related carbon dioxide emissions with car travel constituting more than three quarters of all vehicle kilometres travelled. Interventions to change transport behaviour, and especially to reduce car use, could reduce CO₂ emissions from road transport more quickly than technological measures. It is unclear, however, which interventions are effective in reducing car use and what the likely impact of these interventions would be on CO₂ emissions. A two-stage systematic search was conducted focusing on reviews published since 2000 and primary intervention evaluations referenced therein. Sixty-nine reviews were considered and 47 primary evaluations found. These reported 77 intervention evaluations, including measures of car-use reduction. Evaluations of interventions varied widely in the methods they employed and the outcomes measures they reported. It was not possible to synthesise the findings using meta-analysis. Overall, the evidence base was found to be weak. Only 12 of the 77 evaluations were judged to be methodologically strong, and only half of these found that the intervention being evaluated reduced car use. A number of intervention approaches were identified as potentially effective but, given the small number of methodologically strong studies, it is difficult to draw robust conclusions from current evidence. More methodologically sound research is needed in this area.     

盐田港二期工程集装箱码头桩基设计与施工

介绍盐田港二期３个５万吨级集装箱码头结构的计算原则,基桩类型及其结构型式,沉桩控制标准及嵌岩桩、锚定桩、锚定嵌桩的施工机具和施工方法,还介绍了采用高应变动力试验与静载试验相结合的方法验证工程桩实际承载力的情况。     

核潜艇舱室一体化空气再生系统技术设想

本文提出一种核潜艇电催化制氧耦合二氧化碳消除空气再生系统技术设想,该系统以膜电极构型电解反应器为核心,电解反应器中阳极进行水氧化反应制氧,阴极则将二氧化碳电催化还原为甲酸、甲醇等液体产物,实现核潜艇舱室供氧和二氧化碳消除一体化耦合。该系统只需常温常压条件下运行,运行过程中不产生氢气等危险气体副产物,产生的甲酸、甲醇等液体产物易于排放,能够联合集成二氧化碳吸收装置,且无需配套压缩机组。该设计能够改进和提高舱室空气再生系统使用性、安全性和潜艇隐蔽性,进一步提升核潜艇作战能力。     

Computational study on the effects of volume ratio of DOC/DPF and catalyst loading on the PM and NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel engines

The use of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in a diesel aftertreatment system has proven to be an effective and efficient method for removing particulate matter (PM) in order to meet more stringent emission regulations without hurting engine performance. One of the favorable PM regeneration technologies is the NO₂-assisted regeneration method due to the capability of continuous regeneration of PM under a much lower temperature than that of thermal regeneration. In the present study, the thermal behavior of the monolith during regeneration and the conversion efficiency of NO₂ from NO with an integrated exhaust system of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and DPF have been predicted by one-channel numerical simulation. The simulation results of the DOC, DPF, and integrated DOC-DPF models are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the present model for the integrated DOC and DPF modeling. The effects of catalyst loading inside the DOC and the volume ratio between the DOC and DPF on the pressure drop, the conversion efficiency, and the oxidation rate of PM, have been numerically investigated. The results indicate that the case of the volume ratio of ‘DOC/DPF=1.5’ within the same diameter of both monoliths produced close to the maximum conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM. Under the engine operating condition of 175 kW at 2200 rpm, 100% load with a displacement of 8.1, approximately 55 g/ft³ of catalyst (Pt) loading inside the DOC with the active Pt surface of 5.3 m²/g_pt was enough to maximize the conversion efficiency and oxidation rate of PM.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备 SiO2微球及其表征

文中采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源,氨水为催化剂,醇为溶剂,制备了 SiO2微球,并研究了正硅酸乙酯添加方式、溶剂类型、反应温度对其形貌和粒径的影响。通过 SEM,XRD,FT - IR,UV - Vis 测试分析 SiO2微球的形貌、结构、成分以及光学性能。结果表明,正硅酸乙酯水解对醇溶剂有选择性,乙醇作为溶剂合成 SiO2的分散性和球形较好,溶剂类型对 SiO2紫外吸收影响不大,SiO2对200~250 nm 紫外线吸收最强。逐步滴定法更利于 SiO2的合成,而 TEOS 添加方式对其非晶化程度影响不大。温度变化会影响氨水催化效率,进而会影响生成 SiO2的粒径。