断层破碎带隧道施工过程的三维数值模拟

断层破碎带隧道围岩稳定性差,为了解超前小导管注浆加固围岩的效果,对隧道的开挖过程进行了三维有限元数值分析,数值计算结果和隧道拱顶下沉量测结果都证明了所选预加固措施的有效性,保证了断层破碎带隧道施工的安全。     

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在对中国城市化进程趋势与特征分析和对中国三大经济区发展现状分析的基 础上，提出了在三大经济区内发展作为交通基础设施的城际铁路的必要性，通过实际案例分析，用信息扩散模型对广深城际铁路的客流分担率进行了实际研究，证明了采用公交化开行的城际列车是适应区内经济发展和旅客运输需要的一种有效运愉方式；同时，对在发达经济区发展城际铁路的准入条件进行了分析，而且付循序渐进地发展城际铁路提出了相关政策建议。     

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针对我国当前在公交换乘问题上存在的问题，本文在对公交网络、公交系统新的认识基础上，以划分公交服务区，公交线路等级化的思想，提出了城市枢纽规划决策的几种方法:以交通分配预测为基础的会交客流分配数据，得到枢纽的集散客流量强度，进而提出基于公交客流预测的流量决定法；在城市公交网络结构和用地结构的基础上，利用最小控制集算法；利用城市规划中“邻里单元”的概念，作为规划枢纽的分区单位和依据，提出了基于城市布局结构的枢纽决策规划及修正方法等，并提出了以公交换乘枢纽为核心的规划新流程.     

三峡水库变动回水区泥沙淤积状况及治理

本文根据《长江三峡泥沙和航运问题的研究成果汇编》等资料，分析了变动回水区航道及港口状况，提出了整治与改善建议等应急对策。     

山区公路路侧安全性研究及对策

山区公路的路侧事故率较高,这与山区公路中缺乏防护设施的保护有关。为改善山区公路安全性能,降低车辆冲出路外的路侧事故,对公路路侧安全性设计原则进行研究,从而提高路侧安全设计水平。针对山区公路特有的特点,提出在山区公路中应加强路侧护栏的设置,路侧护栏作为公路上基本的交通安全设施,能减轻事故的严重度。     

Granular effect of fly ash repairs damage of recycled coarse aggregate

Repairing effect of fly ash (FA) on damage of recycled coarse aggregate was evaluated by characteristics of pores and cracks in the vicinity of interracial transition zone (ITZ). The interracial structure between the virgin aggregate and the attached old mortar was investigated and compared with ITZ of recycled aggregate concrete in the presence of FA or ultra-fine FA(UFA) by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Diam- eter and plumpness frequency distribution of pores as well as width of the old ITZ, length of contacting points and cracks density were analyzed. The SEM results reveal that the diameter of pores is decreases significantly but pores plumpness increases. A decreased ITZ width and cracks density as well as an increased bonding zone length can also been observed, which indicates that FA or UFA repairs damage of recycled coarse aggregate due to its granular effect.     

The slippery slope of lot consolidation in the Santa Monica Mountains: A program assessment

Abstract

The authors present an assessment of the Coastal Conservancy's efforts to consolidate small, substandard lots in the Santa Monica Mountains. Emphasis is placed on the ‘ ‘lessons learned’ ‘ by the Conservancy in its project experience as those lessons may be applicable to related efforts elsewhere. Finally, alternative means of lot consolidation are suggested. This assessment should be of relevance to other programs nationwide to address the problem of antiquated subdivisions.     

分层加筋技术与冻土路基裂缝防治

裂缝是多年冻土路基的特殊性问题之一。为抑制路堤裂缝的产生和发展,在填土中分层敷设土工格栅,利用土工格栅良好的抗拉性能,提高路堤土体强度,增强路堤整体稳定性,减少路基土体自中心向两侧的水平位移,试验和工程实践证明是一种行之有效的工程措施。     

多年冻土区灌注桩的人工冷却试验研究

多年冻土区灌注桩修筑过程中，混凝土携带的热量和水化热会对周围冻土产生强烈的热扰动，由于基础在回冻前承载力非常小，因此桩基的快速回冻已成为该地区基础设施建设中备受关注的问题。为解决该问题，创新性地提出人工冷却法在多年冻土区灌注桩中的应用，以实现基础的快速降温和回冻，并在青藏高原北麓河进行现场人工冷却灌注桩试验。试验结果表明：人工冷却降温效果显著，试验进行到第2天，基础周围土体温度已经降至天然场温度以下；随着冷却试验的继续进行，基础和周围土体的温度会进一步降低；人工冷却有效降低了土体温度，并增加了桩基周围土体的冷储量，冷却试验结束后的第7个月试验桩的平均界面温度为-0.6℃，无冷却措施桩对应的平均界面温度为-0.37℃。承载力计算结果表明：人工冷却可以快速、大幅提高桩基的承载力，通过该措施的应用，试验桩的承载力可提高至2 231 kN，而无冷却措施桩对应时刻的承载力仅为549 kN；该措施有效缩短了冻土区灌注桩施工的后续等待时间，经过人工冷却的桩基承载力很高，冷却结束后即可进行上部荷载的施工。人工冷却可作为冻土地区桩基快速施工中的一种重要方法和有效途径，其不仅能够解决灌注桩对冻土产生热扰动这一难题，还能够有效缩短工程的建设周期，具有很高的工程应用价值。     

The annual cycle of nanoflagellates in the Central Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay)

The annual cycle of nanoflagellates (NF) including autotrophic (ANF), heterotrophic (HNF) and mixotropic (MNF) flagellates carried out in a temperate sea (Central Cantabrian Sea, southern Bay of Biscay) is presented. Three stations with characteristics ranging from coastal to oceanic conditions were analysed in order to compare NF response to this gradient. Samples were monthly collected at each station at three different depths between February 2002 and December 2002. CTD profiles were also taken at each station. NF were grouped according to their trophic status into ANF, HNF and MNF. Abundance and biomass were determined for each group. The annual cycle showed a general pattern consisting in a maximum in July with secondary maxima in March and October and minimum values in May. ANF were the most important fraction, making a major contribution (nearly 75%) to total NF biomass in all stations. HNF represented over 20% along the cycle, except for a peak in spring found in every station. MNF reached less than 5%, showing low seasonability. Small flagellates (2–5 µm) dominated throughout the cycle. Microplankton community was also analysed in terms of abundance and biomass. A significant positive correlation (r² = 0.49) was obtained between 2–5 µm NF and 10–20 µm HNF–MNF biomasses, suggesting a possible trophic relationship between these groups which should be cautiously taken. No significant relationships were found between microplankton and NF or between nutrients and ANF, indicating that the regulation of NF numbers is complex and probably implicates other groups. In addition to this, the unexpected 2002 Chl a concentration pattern and the misplacing of upwelling events render necessary to perform additional studies to fully understand the precise behaviour of NF in the Cantabrian Sea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of a NF cycle in a temperate sea that considers all functional groups.