青海省共和至结古高速公路玛多至巴颜喀拉山多年冻土退化分析及预测

通过对玉树地区玛多至巴颜喀拉山多年冻土形成的地形地貌、气候气象、水文地质、冻土分布特征等分析,在对当地气温进行调查统计和分析的基础上,对当地多年冻土退化情况系统地进行了研究,从而为青海省玉树地区国道214线的多年冻土路基设计提供了可靠的基础依据。     

多年冻土区路基融沉变形分析

基于UL描述的大变形固结理论和考虑相变作用的温度场,通过联系方程,建立了大变形融化固结理论。假定未来50年升温2.6℃的条件下,对路基运营若干年后的热、力学状况进行分析。结果表明;路基对冻土上限有一定的抬升。路基中心的变形最大,远离中心的地表处最小。路基变形随着融化范围的增大而增加。此外,不同运营时间的路基变形速率不同。随着年平均地温的升高,路基沉降也随之增大。     

多年冻土区铁路路基裂缝的调查分析

通过对青藏铁路多年冻土区路基实地调查,结合工程地质条件及冻土受热条件,对裂缝的形成原因进行了分析。根据现场调查提出了裂缝的三种形式,指出危害较大的是融沉裂缝。以一处路基断面为例对裂缝深度进行了计算,计算时省略了条块之间的摩擦力,因此计算结果比实际情况稍大。     

美式长头校车的安全性分析

指出美式长头校车的视觉盲区,总结美国校车制度对于我国的经验和教训;探讨改进传统长头式校车危险区域的相关安全装置;提出完善我国校车相关法规条款、要求配置停车引导臂以及实施相应的管理措施来确保学生运输安全的建议。     

旅游型小城镇交通性景观大道横断面设计的新思路——以阳朔县新城区山水大道为例

随着国内旅游型城市的不断涌现和发展,其市政道路已经不仅仅是交通和管线的载体,更是展现城市形象、提供市民活动空间的绝佳平台。该文以阳朔县新城区山水大道的横断面设计为研究对象,结合阳朔县独特的交通需求和景观性需求,提出了适合当地建设尺度、体现当地特点的道路横断面。其设计方案可为国内小城镇交通性的景观大道横断面设计提供新的思路。     

山区高速公路桥梁结构型式隧道浅埋偏压断层破碎带塌方处理施工技术选择研究

广乐高速公路梅花隧道穿越山谷浅埋偏压段最小埋深仅12.2m,地质条件差.介绍对施工隧道发生塌方冒顶后的施工处理措施、施工注意事项及处理后取得的效果.     

通风管路基的调温机理

考虑通风管路基中通风管的空气对流换热特点,摈弃把通风管的影响作为边界条件处理的方法,建立多年冻土区的通风管路基的数值模型,对设置和未设置风门的通风管路基的温度特性进行数值模拟,分析2种情况下通风管路基的调温效果,为多年冻土区的路基工程的建设和安全运营提供技术支撑.研究表明:通风管路基能够明显地降低冻土地基的温度,提高冻土的人为上限;与无风门的路基相比,有风门的通风管路基降低冻土地基的温度的效果更加明显,降温作用发生得更早,冻土人为上限的提高幅度更大,路基中心和路肩下的地基温度降低更快,且温度分布较均匀,路基温度稳定所需要的时间减少.     

基于V/C比的公路养护施工区交通延误研究

为改善公路养护施工区的交通运行状况,提高养护施工效率,在总结已有研究的基础上,对公路养护施工区交通延误的影响因素进行了深入分析,通过数学解析方法建立了公路养护施工区交通延误模型,包括减速延误、排队延误、限速延误以及加速延误4个部分.接着利用Vissim软件对公路养护施工区进行了交通仿真研究,以特定施工区为例,在不同的V/C比条件下进行了仿真运行和评价.将交通仿真得到的不同V/C比条件下延误值与采用数学解析模型计算得到的结果进行对比,基于交通仿真中得到的施工区交通延误值大于解析模型中计算得到的延误值这一结果,提出了系统延误的概念,并通过拟合得到了该路网中系统延误的计算值.     

Public Stakeholders' Perception of ICZM and Coastal Erosion in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean area plays a pivotal role within the definition and implementation of regional strategies for integrated coastal zone management (ICZM). Under the umbrella of the Regional Framework Operation BeachMed-e, a research project was carried out in five Mediterranean EU regions (East Macedonia and Thrace in Greece, Lazio, Liguria, and Emilia Romagna in Italy and Languedoc-Roussillon in France), in order to study the different approaches to ICZM that have been applied and also to test new approaches to these regions. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the results of the common surveys conducted in order to investigate the institutional stakeholders’ perception on ICZM in the five Mediterranean regions considered. The results are presented region by region, while comparisons are carried out among regions. Summarizing the results it can be stated that some differences and common problems affecting the coastal decision-makers of the five Mediterranean regions considered were identified. Particularly, stakeholders involved in coastal management generally perceived a lack of collaboration and a poor information exchange in all the regions, resulting sometimes in a lack of awareness on coastal erosion issues.     

Brittle failure caused by lamellar splitting in a large-scale tubular joint with fatigue cracks

This paper reports a new incidence of brittle failure by lamellar splitting in a large-scale tubular X-joint and examines the possible causes of this failure. The X-joint, with multiple pre-existing fatigue cracks at the weld toe along the brace-to-chord intersection, experiences brittle failure during a monotonic in-plane bending test. Post-test sectioning of the material around the brace-to-chord intersection reveals lamellar splitting in the mid-thickness of the chord wall instead of rapid extensions of the fatigue cracks in the through-thickness direction. The lamellar splitting observed in this test differs from the conventional lamellar tearing both in its appearance and in its causes. The elongated nonmetallic inclusions concentrated at the mid-thickness, as revealed by the microscopic scanning, leads to delamination cracking near the mid-thickness and subsequently to the brittle failure of the joint. The material requirements in prevailing engineering codes do not suffice to prohibit the lamellar splitting failure observed in this study, which may cause catastrophic failures in engineering structures designed with insufficient redundancy.