专道公交车经济驾驶的车速引导机制与计算

通过车路协同系统,减少车辆行驶过程中加速、减速怠速工况次数是实现经济驾驶的一种新方法。结合油耗理论、驾驶行为和车速引导等知识体系,设计出一套不同于传统车速引导的公交车经济驾驶车速引导机制与计算方法。机制与算法在后续研究中,通过VISSIM仿真与驾驶模拟器平台实验和实际实地实验验证了其合理性,结果显示实现经济驾驶的效果良好。     

Intelligent speed adaptation: Preliminary results of on-road study in Penang,Malaysia

The first field experiment with intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) in Malaysia was held in December 2010 in the State of Penang. Eleven private cars were instrumented with an advisory system. The system used in the present study included a vocal warning message and a visual text message that is activated when the driver attempts to exceed the speed limit. When the driver decreases the speed, the warning stops; otherwise it is continuously repeated. The test drivers drove the vehicles for three months with the installed system, and the speed was continuously logged in all vehicles. The warning was however only activated in the second month of the three month period. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of an advisory ISA on driving speed, traffic safety, and drivers' attitude, behavior, and acceptance of the system. To examine these effects, both the survey and the logged speed data were analyzed and explored. The results show a significant reduction in the mean, maximum and 85th percentile speed due to the use of the system. However, there was no long-lasting effect on the speed when the system was deactivated. In the post-trial survey, drivers declared that the system helped them well in following the speed limits and that it assisted them in driving more comfortably. Furthermore, the warning method was more accepted compared to a supportive system, such as active accelerator pedal (AAP). After the trial, most drivers were willing to keep an ISA system.     

对于商用车加速噪声试验新方法中发动机转速的处理意见

通过对商用车加速行驶车外噪声验证试验结果的分析发现,欧洲经济委员会颁布的ECE R51/03系列汽车加速行驶车外噪声法规缺少对于试验过程中商用车发动机转速特性的全面考虑。为此,结合GB 1495—2002中对类似情况的处理方式,以及ECE R51/03系列法规的制订宗旨,提出了针对发动机转速对应条款修订意见,并对条款修订前、后的试验数据进行了对比。     

Part 3. Multivariate road safety models: Future research orientations and current use to forecast performance

The third part of the state-of-the-art focuses on the future of road safety modeling and on conjectures concerning the evolution of national safety indicators. In the absence of econometric developments specific to road safety modeling, the research future must rely on pre-existing statistical procedures of econometrics applied to discrete/count and to aggregate data. In terms of contents, growing interest in the heterogeneity of road accident outcomes by category of victims could lead to treatments of this issue across research streams, say by top-down and bottom-up developments, but this speculation does not rest on extant adequate formulations of the issue of road user class and victim analysis. But understanding the time profile of aggregate national performance indicators is quite another matter.     

G314线库尔勒至库车高速公路“线元”速度协调性分析和研究

结合G314线库车至库尔勒段的设计文件和相关实践调研数据,对该段高速的设计符合性进行评价,在此基础上对路线的“线元”速度协调性进行分析和研究,通过相邻路段的速度差进行综合对比,并对该段高速进行评价。从而找出可能出现运行危险的段落,并得出评价结论。     

无级变速器速比变化的杠杆控制法

文章介绍了一种通过杠杆来控制无级变速器速比变化的新方法。新型无级变速器,其控制部分采用了杠杆机构,与CVT液压控制系统中的反馈杠杆不同,它是用于替代常规的液压控制机构。采用杠杆作为变速执行元件,可以简化无级变速器的结构及控制系统,对新型无级变速器的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

基于驾驶模拟实验的85％位车速预测模型

应用运行车速（85％位车速）对道路设计一致性进行评价已被世界各国广泛采用,但用来进行评价的参数——运行车速的获得大都是在道路上测得的,提出一种通过在专用汽车驾驶模拟系统上进行实验,获取运行车速,从而建立运行车速预测模型的方法。实验采用真实路段的虚拟场景,并可在实验中实时记录速度数据,利用速度数据对平均车速、85％位车速与单圆曲线的曲率变化率CCRs及坡度进行回归分析,最后应用CCRs及坡度建立平均车速、85％位车速的预测模型。     

浅谈速度管理的新理念和新技术

速度是道路安全的关键因素之一,超速与不合理的行驶速度对道路安全产生很大影响,使得速度管理成为一个重要且有挑战性的领域。目前,速度管理是通过道路设计设定速度限制并执行这些限制来完成。传统的速度管理方法在减少碰撞风险及事故伤亡方面取得积极的成效,但也有其局限性。利用现代技术能够使速度限制实施的更加有效。在传统方法的基础上,先提出了两种新的理念,即交通平息理论和容错的安全理念,接着提出将三种新技术,即自适应巡航控制、智能速度辅助系统和可变限速系统,应用于速度管理中,促进速度管理更加有效地实施。     

类比法和引导法在液压传动教学中的探索

在液压传动课程的教学过程中,为了取得良好的教学效果,应着重考虑教学的循序渐进性和因材施教的针对性,以及多种教学方法的并用。文章以一个具体的调速回路为例,分析类比教学法和引导教学法在液压传动教学中的应用。事实证明这两种教学方法在教学中具有明显提升学生学习兴趣,提高专业课程教学效果的意义。