机器视觉新技术在自动表面检测中的探讨

介绍了机器视觉的作用、应用领域与国内外研究现状,提出了机器视觉新技术的研究及其在自动表面检测中的应用.     

交流电力功率智能传感器粗信号处理

为提高交流电力功率性能指标的测试精度和实时性,基于相关性分析和最小二乘误差理论,研究了交流电力智能传感器的粗信号处理方法.采用最小二乘特征参数法,对交流电压和电流值的初始采样点进行估算,获得了电力功率参数.在此基础上,将最小二乘特征参数法与相关分析法进行了比较,给出了基于相关分析法和最小二乘特征参数法进行功率测试的运算量公式,并分析了运算的复杂度.实验结果表明,当干扰幅值从信号幅值的3%放宽至12%时,基于最小二乘特征参数法的粗信号处理方法与现有方法相比,其计算工作量可减少49.4%,测试误差减少了2/3,同时降低了系统的信/噪比要求.     

基于EI及MAC算法的连续刚构桥传感器优化布置

介绍了有效独立法(EI)和模态保证准则(MAC)的工作性能与适用范围,并结合各自优点,得到了一种新型的混合算法.将此方法运用到以龙河大桥为研究对象的连续刚构桥传感器布置上.结果表明:基于EI及MAC混合算法得到的测点截面位置有别于人为凭借经验将传感器布置在根部、边跨及中跨1/4倍数截面等位置;通过MAC值验算,连续刚构...     

船用螺旋桨静平衡计算机检测原理与实验研究

介绍了为某企业所开发的一种基于传感器技术的螺旋桨液压静平衡计算机检测系统,依据电子秤的称重原理设计而成,在对其结构、工作原理进行分析的基础上,推导出了求取螺旋桨静不平衡质量的差值算法,并分别从硬件和软件两方面对其实现方法进行了介绍.实验结果表明,该系统能快速准确的测量出螺旋桨各桨叶的静不平衡质量,满足工程应用要求,所设计的检测系统对螺旋桨静平衡检测结果的精确化以及提升大型转子的静平衡检测水平具有重要的参考价值.     

BP神经网络应用于散货船空船质量估算

以搜集的200余条散货船为样本,建立了空船质量统计回归模型和三种情况下的BP神经网络模型,并选取10条散货船对各模型进行了测试和比较。三种BP神经网络模型测试结果与实际值很接近,精度优于传统的统计回归模型,表明用BP神经网络进行空船质量估算是可行和实用的。     

2300客位／2500m车道客滚船照明设计

2300客位／2500m车道客滚船是上海船舶研究设计院为国内船东设计的大型客滚船,具有甲板层数多、面积大、房间多、载客量大的特点。船舶照明设计的合理性是影响船舶正常航行及应对紧急情况的重要因素。简要介绍了2300客位／2500m车道客滚船的照明灯具及其相应安装场所,分析了全船正常照明、应急照明、航行灯信号灯的布置和系统设计,并对其所涉及的规范规则进行了系统化的阐述。     

钢-混组合梁桥面板-防撞护栏一体化钢模板设计分析

以嘉兴市市区快速路环线工程中某联钢-混组合梁桥施工时需要跨越某汽车4S店实例为背景,设计了桥面板-防撞护栏一体化钢模板,施工时先后作为桥面板和防撞护栏混凝土浇筑模板,可有效防止桥面坠物并保证施工安全。结合工程特点,对一体化钢模板进行了参数化设计,证实了该类型模板的适用性,得出了具有一定参考价值的结论。     

Contents Index Volume 35 and 36

Active safety systems would benefit from tyre force and friction potential information. Different sensor concepts, including, among others, the EU–funded Apollo–project developed tyre sensor based on optical position detection, are being studied. The sensor can measure tyre carcass deflections with respect to the rim. The carcass deflections can be used to calculate tyre forces and they may be exploited in the estimation of friction potential. The waveforms of the sensor signal are illustrated. The vertical and lateral force estimations are presented with unavoidable compensation parts. The tyre sensor measurements were compared to the measurement–vehicle results and good correlations achieved. Continuing activities are concerned with the estimation of friction potential and the detection of aquaplaning.     

Structural safety of trams in case of misguidance in a switch

Tram vehicles mainly operate on street tracks where sometimes misguidance in switches occurs due to unfavourable conditions. Generally, in this situation, the first running gear of the vehicle follows the bend track while the next running gears continue straight ahead. This leads to a constraint that can only be solved if the vehicle's articulation is damaged or the wheel derails. The last-mentioned situation is less critical in terms of safety and costs. Five different tram types, one of them high floor, the rest low floor, were examined analytically. Numerical simulation was used to determine which wheel would be the first to derail and what level of force is needed in the articulation area between two carbodies to make a tram derail. It was shown that with pure analytical simulation, only an idea of which tram type behaves better or worse in such a situation can be gained, while a three-dimensional computational simulation gives more realistic values for the forces that arise. Three of the four low-floor tram types need much higher articulation forces to make a wheel derail in a switch misguidance situation. One particular three-car type with two single-axle running gears underneath the centre car must be designed to withstand nearly three times higher articulation forces than a conventional high-floor articulated tram. Tram designers must be aware of that and should design the carbody accordingly.     

Dynamic model for ride comfort evaluations of the rubber-tired light rail vehicle

The dynamic model was developed to evaluate vibration accelerations and ride comforts during the running of the Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle. Ride comfort indexes were analysed and tested in accordance with UIC 513R by using the dynamic model and the actual vehicle in the test track. Based on the comparisons between analysis results and test results, the validity of the developed dynamic model was evaluated. It was verified whether or not the developed Korean-standardised rubber-tired light rail vehicle met the specified target specification on ride comfort. In addition, the influence of the wearing of guide wheels on ride comfort was estimated.