Technical Challenges of Super-Long Mountainous Tunnels at Great Depth北大核心CSCD

There are various technical challenges faced by the super-long mountainous tunnelling at great depth,and new requirements are arising in terms of the geological investigation, construction period, special geological condi-tions (high ground stress, high geothermal temperature and high-pressure groundwater), disaster prevention & evacua-tion, and social development. Based on an analysis of above mentioned technical challenges, this paper presents tech-nical views on solutions to those challenges and specifies the objectives of related technical development in the fu-ture. To improve the validity and accuracy of the geophysical prospecting, it is necessary to not only increase the accu-racy of ground geophysical exploration at great depth, but also carry out research on the application of such tech-niques to tunnel investigation as airborne geophysical prospecting and HDD combined with borehole geophysical ex-ploration. To maximize the benefits of tunnel projects, it is of importance that more attention should be paid to thoseissues relating to the tunnel design concept, such as the multiple functions of tunnel projects, energy saving andemission reduction, and environmental protection. As for tunnel support theories, in addition to optimizing the currenttheories, some unconventionally new lining theories need to be studied to make the tunnel structure more durable andeconomical. It is also suggested that, in terms of construction, sustained efforts should be put into the development ofinnovative tunnelling techniques for a better, faster and more economical tunnelling, as well as the realization of intel-ligent mechanized tunnelling. When it comes to operation, it is obvious that there will be a trend towards intelligent maintenance in the future. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

PAG电刺激和微注射吗啡对脊髓WDR和NS神经元放电的影响

中脑导水管周围灰质 (PAG)电刺激和微注射吗啡均能显著抑制广动力型 (WDR)和特殊伤害感受 (NS)神经元的伤害感受性放电。但是对 NS神经元放电的抑制明显地大于对 WDR神经元。电刺激 PAG能完全抑制 NS神经元的伤害感受性放电。于 PAG微注射吗啡后 ,NS神经元和 WDR神经元的伤害感受性放电均显著减少。但 NS神经元受抑制的程度更大。电刺激 PAG能使外周传入诱发的背根电位 (DPR)慢电位 (DR- 波 )明显增大 (P <0 .0 0 1)。本研究结果揭示 ,PAG对脊髓 WDR和 NS神经元活动的抑制作用的程度 ,具有明显的差异性 ,以对 NS神经元的抑制为著。由观察 DRP的结果提示 ,在 PAG对脊髓伤害感受神经元的下行抑制作用中 ,可能有突触前抑制参与。     

含偏心小圆孔的有限宽板条孔边应力集中系数的一种解析表达式

采用一种近似方法,对含偏心小圆孔的有限宽板条在单向拉伸时孔边的应力集中系数进行了求解,得出了解析表达式．     

Hybrid simulated annealing and genetic algorithm for optimizing arterial signal timings under oversaturated traffic conditions

The implementation of system‐wide signal optimization models requires efficient solution algorithms that can quickly generate optimal or near‐optimal signal timings. This paper presents a hybrid algorithm based on simulated annealing (SA) and a genetic algorithm (GA) for arterial signal timing optimization. A decoding scheme is proposed that exploits our prior expectations about efficient solutions, namely, that the optimal green time distribution should reflect the proportion of the critical lane volumes of each phase. An SA algorithm, a GA algorithm and a hybrid SA‐GA algorithm are developed here using the proposed decoding scheme. These algorithms can be adapted to a wide range of signal optimization models and are especially suitable for those optimizing phase sequences with oversaturated intersections. To comparatively evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, we apply them to a signal optimization model for oversaturated arterial intersections based on an enhanced cell transmission model. The numerical results indicate that the SA‐GA algorithm outperforms both SA and GA in terms of solution quality and convergence rate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中央索面混凝土斜拉桥单箱五室超宽主梁的局部应力分析

西江大桥为主跨320m的双塔中央索面预应力混凝土斜拉桥,桥塔位于主梁的中间,主梁采用大悬臂单箱五室预应力混凝土主梁,该桥在结构特征和受力特点上具有一定的新颖性和复杂性.文中建立了塔-梁处的主梁的三维有限元模型,重点分析在主梁根部最大轴力作用下,塔梁相交处的主梁、斜拉索的第一个锚块、边/中纵隔板的局部应力分布特征.     

高速铁路车地宽带无线通信方案比较研究

研究目的:目前作为无线调度的GSM-R技术已不能满足高速铁路车地宽带无线通信的需求,探讨高速铁路车地宽带无线通信的实现方案,为我国铁路宽带无线网络规划和优化方案提供依据和参考。研究结论:LTE技术是目前车地间宽带无线通信系统建设方案中比较理想的技术,既能提供安全、可靠的车地间宽带无线通信,又是今后车地宽带无线发展的方向,同时还符合目前国际铁路联盟确定的GSM-R向LTE-R的基本演进策略和步骤。     

超大吨位斜拉桥转体上跨铁路营业线施工技术探析

文章以超大吨位斜拉桥转体上跨铁路营业线施工项目为例,简要阐述了工艺方案,并对准备、称重、转体、锁定等工艺操作要点进行了进一步探究,希望为超大吨位斜拉桥转体上跨铁路营业线施工提供一些参考。     

宽幅混凝土箱梁的横向收缩应变差分析

为了研究施工过程中宽幅混凝土箱梁的收缩应变差对梁体应力的影响,以常平5号高架桥(跨径6×30m,全宽33.5m的整幅预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥)为背景,依照文献公式计算各施工节段间及箱梁各部位间的收缩应变差,再转换成等量温差施加于空间块体元模型上,重点分析了箱梁节段龄期差和各部位不均匀收缩应变差引起的收缩效应及箱梁各部位的应力分布情况。分析结果表明,单纯的箱梁不同结构部位不均匀收缩应变差引起的拉应力不会引起箱梁开裂;收缩应力主要与节段龄期差有关,节段龄期差引起的箱梁施工节段间的收缩应变差引起的收缩应力则可能使梁体开裂。     

高地震烈度下超大直径海底盾构隧道地震响应分析

文章运用FLAC3D软件,采用动力有限元法,对高地震烈度下超大直径海底隧道地震响应进行了分析。分析结果表明:与单纯自重应力场作用下相比,地震作用会造成结构内力的增大,拱顶及拱腰为其受力薄弱部位;在重力及地震共同作用下,衬砌结构的拉应力主要出现在拱顶附近,最大拉应力超过C60混凝土的抗拉强度设计值,拱顶的衬砌管片可能出现局部脱落;衬砌结构的最大受力和位移一般发生在地震2~6 s的时间段;各关键点位置的位移、弯矩、剪力、轴力时程曲线具有相似的变化规律;隧道衬砌最大水平位移为3.6 cm,最大竖向位移为3.7 cm。     

弯曲宽箱梁受力性能分析

曲线梁桥由于其结构自身存在着弯扭耦合问题,因此其设计、施工及研究的难度比直线桥大得多。文章以某弯曲宽箱梁为依托工程,运用有限元软件AN-SYS建立简支曲线钢箱梁模型,对其空间受力性能进行分析,得出了其在自重作用下的应力状态和支座处剪力滞效应规律。