基于冻胀变形的基床表层疲劳寿命预测与分析

季节冻土区的铁路建设面临着路基冻胀问题,周期性的循环冻融作用将会加剧路基结构的破坏,从而缩短路基结构的使用寿命。根据基床表层冻胀变形结果,建立基于人工变形边界的应力计算模型,并引用半刚性基层材料疲劳寿命计算公式,分别计算不同水泥添加量下的基床表层的使用寿命。计算结果表明:基床表层的最大拉弯应力随着冻胀波长的不断增大和冻胀量的不断减小而呈现增大的趋势,水泥添加量为0、1%、3%、5%时,对应的基床表层冻胀变形所导致的基床表层最大拉弯应力分别为31.2、57.6、69.0、75.1 k Pa;随着水泥添加量的增加,基床表层的使用寿命不断提高,水泥添加量分别为1%、3%、5%时,基床表层的使用寿命相较于不添加水泥的情况分别增加了27%、36%、48%。     

A new methodology for incident detection and characterization on surface streets

In this paper, a new methodology is presented for real-time detection and characterization of incidents on surface streets. The proposed automatic incident detection approach is capable of detecting incidents promptly as well as characterizing incidents in terms of time-varying lane-changing fractions and queue lengths in blocked lanes, lanes blocked due to incidents, and incident duration. The architecture of the proposed incident detection approach consists of three sequential procedures: (1) Symptom Identification for identification of incident symptoms, (2) Signal Processing for real-time prediction of incident-related lane traffic characteristics and (3) Pattern Recognition for incident recognition. Lane traffic counts and occupancy are the only two major types of input data, which can be readily collected from point detectors. The primary techniques utilized in this paper include: (1) a discrete-time, nonlinear, stochastic system with boundary constraints to predict real-time lane-changing fractions and queue lengths and (2) a pattern-recognition-based algorithm employing modified sequential probability ratio tests (MSPRT) to detect incidents. Off-line tests based on simulated as well as video-based real data were conducted to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm. The test results have indicated the feasibility of achieving real-time incident detection using the proposed methodology.     

中小跨径公路混凝土简支梁桥冲击系数研究及建议取值

为弥补中国现行桥梁规范中计算动力冲击系数时考虑因素单一的不足,对冲击系数的影响因素进行研究,并提出更合理的冲击系数建议值。首先,根据中国桥梁通用图集建立13座不同截面形式和不同跨径的常见中小跨径公路混凝土简支梁桥的有限元模型,结合能表征中国设计车辆荷载动力特性的三维车辆数值模型,建立车桥耦合振动分析系统。然后,基于车桥耦合振动分析系统,研究桥梁基频、桥面不平整度、车速和车质量等因素对动力冲击系数的影响,并与中国现行桥梁设计规范中的动力冲击系数取值进行对比分析。最后,提出冲击系数的建议值,并与世界各国桥梁规范中的冲击系数取值进行对比,讨论建议值的合理性。结果表明:桥面不平整度是影响冲击系数的重要因素,在桥面好的情况下,冲击系数均在0.1以下,低于规范中规定的冲击系数,而桥面很差时,冲击系数可达0.5,远大于中国现行规范中的冲击系数设计值,因此,定期对桥面进行维护能有效减小车辆对桥梁的冲击效应;质量轻的车辆引起更大的冲击系数,但由于车辆总质量轻,其导致的总荷载效应仍然较小,而重车虽然引起的冲击系数较小,但由于其导致的总荷载效应较大,更易对桥面造成损伤,因此,限制超载尤为重要。     

Fuzzy-logic-based incident detection for signalized diamond interchanges

This paper documents a fuzzy-logic-based incident detection algorithm for signalized urban diamond interchanges. The model is capable of detecting lane-blocking incidents whose effects are manifested by patterns of deterioration in traffic conditions that require adjustments in signal control strategies. As a component of a real-time traffic adaptive control system for signalized diamond interchanges, the algorithm feeds an incident report (i.e., the time, location, and severity of the incident) to the system's optimization manager, which uses that information to determine the appropriate signal control strategy.The performance of the model was studied using a simulation of an actual diamond interchange. The simulation study evaluated the model's performance in terms of detection rate, false alarm rate, and mean time to detect. The model's performance was encouraging, and the fuzzy-logic-based approach is considered promising.     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

三峡水库175m蓄水初期库区沿程水位分析

建立一维数学模型,通过三峡库区成库后已取得的实测资料进行验证,计算出三峡水库175～145～155 m正常蓄水运行阶段下特征洪水的沿程水位,对比校核了长江科学院早期计算成果.结果表明:两者在相同计算条件下的水位差值不大,总体基本一致,认为长江科学院早期成果有一定的代表性和指导作用.     

三维激光扫描技术在大型舱容测量中的应用研究

大型舱容标定对于不同货物密度、船体强度和倾斜度等配载情况下的容积修正和及时的容积表更新都具有重要意义。为实现大型复杂船舱的精确、快速容积标定,利用三维激光扫描技术获取船舱内外完整的点云数据,经过点云配准、点云滤波、点云空洞修补等预处理后,对点云进行自动、半自动分割,再利用NURBS曲面重建方法构造出完整的船舱整体结构三维模型。设计出一套船舱构件模型库和基于NURBS曲面的曲面求交、曲面三角剖分和容积计算方法,并利用ObjectARX开发出一套基于AutoCAD平台的船舱模型重建和容积计算系统。提出的方法和系统在实船实验中的结果表明,数据处理效率高,相对误差小于0．2％。     

Estimation of road profile variability from measured vehicle responses

When assessing the statistical variability of fatigue loads acting throughout the life of a vehicle, the question of the variability of road roughness naturally arises, as both quantities are strongly related. For car manufacturers, gathering information on the environment in which vehicles evolve is a long and costly but necessary process to adapt their products to durability requirements. In the present paper, a data processing algorithm is proposed in order to estimate the road profiles covered by a given vehicle, from the dynamic responses measured on this vehicle. The algorithm based on Kalman filtering theory aims at solving a so-called inverse problem, in a stochastic framework. It is validated using experimental data obtained from simulations and real measurements. The proposed method is subsequently applied to extract valuable statistical information on road roughness from an existing load characterisation campaign carried out by Renault within one of its markets.     

Speed-independent vibration-based terrain classification for passenger vehicles

Terrain physical characteristics can have a significant impact on passenger vehicle handling, ride quality, and stability. Here, an algorithm is presented to classify terrain using a single suspension-mounted accelerometer. The algorithm passes a measured acceleration signal through a dynamic vehicle model to estimate the terrain profile, and then extracts spatial frequency components of this estimated profile. A method is introduced to identify and remove terrain impulses from the profile that are caused by ruts and potholes. Finally, a supervised support vector machine is employed to classify profile segments as members of pre-defined classes (such as asphalt, brick, gravel, etc.). The classification algorithm is validated with experimental data collected with a passenger vehicle driving in real-world conditions. The algorithm is shown to classify multiple terrain types with reasonable accuracy at a range of typical automotive speeds. It is also shown that the removal of terrain impulses prior to classification improves classifier performance.     

氙弧灯和荧光紫外灯对面漆漆膜破坏性的比较

依据2项国家标准,分别采用氙弧灯和荧光紫外灯对不同颜色面漆漆膜的破坏性开展试验研究.试验结果显示,2种光源对面漆漆膜破坏性的区别主要表现在失光、色差和粉化方面.从成膜物质和试验条件方面分析试验结果的形成原因,比较2种光源对漆膜破坏的等效性.