Orchestration of driving simulator scenarios based on dynamic actor preparation and automated action planning

In driving simulation, a scenario includes definitions of the road environment, the traffic situation, simulated vehicles’ interactions with the participant’s vehicle and measurements that need to be collected. The scenarios need to be designed in such a way that the research questions to be studied can be answered, which commonly imply exposing the participant for a couple of predefined specific situations that has to be both realistic and repeatable. This article presents an integrated algorithm based on Dynamic Actor Preparation and Automated Action Planning to control autonomous simulated vehicles in the simulation in order to generate predefined situations. This algorithm is thus able to plan driving actions for autonomous vehicles based on specific tasks with relevant contextual information as well as handling longitudinal transportation of simulated vehicles based on the contextual information in an automated manner. The conducted experiment shows that the algorithm is able to guarantee repeatability under autonomous traffic flow. The presented algorithm can benefit not only the driving simulation community, but also relevant areas, such as autonomous vehicle and in-vehicle device design by providing them with an algorithm for target pursue and driving task accomplishment, which can be used to design a human-vehicle cooperation system in the coming era of autonomous driving.     

深埋3孔小净距隧道围岩压力计算方法及其工程应用

基于普氏理论,考虑开挖顺序以及中岩柱主要具有的承载松散岩土体和抑制围岩变形作用,提出3孔小净距隧道围岩压力的计算方法,并分析净距和开挖跨度对围岩压力分布规律的影响。通过与八达岭长城站3孔小净距隧道围岩压力实测值对比,验证计算方法的合理性和有效性。结果表明:中洞受力状态最为不利,边洞内侧围岩压力显著大于外侧;净距一定时,中洞或边洞跨度增大不仅导致各自洞室围岩压力增大,且会导致相邻洞室围岩压力增大;随净距增大,围岩压力逐渐降低并接近规范计算单洞值;Ⅴ级围岩段实测围岩压力约是Ⅲ级围岩段实测值的3倍,净距相同时,Ⅴ级围岩比Ⅲ级围岩更易形成极限承载拱;围岩压力理论计算值的偏差率在10%~25%。根据围岩压力的理论值和前期监测值,主动对隧道采取超前加固与加大锚杆长度,使实测围岩压力减小30%,可保障隧道施工安全。     

汤郎—易门深大活动断裂对秀宁隧道围岩改造作用分析

秀宁隧道为改建铁路成昆线广通至昆明段扩能改造工程中全线关键控制性工程,隧道出口段的汤郎—易门晚更新世区域性深大活动断裂控制了全隧的地形地貌、地质构造、地下水系及不良地质等,对全隧的围岩改造作用十分显著。本文基于汤郎—易门断裂的活动特性及展布,在探讨断裂对全隧地层岩性、岩体结构、地下水活动、应力场环境等影响的基础上,研究活动断裂对秀宁隧道围岩分级改造作用的影响,以期为隧道设计和施工提供较准确的地质科学依据。研究结论:(1)秀宁隧道具有复杂的区域地质构造环境、多变的地层岩性及复杂的水文地质环境特征;(2)汤郎—易门断裂具有多期次活动构造活动特征;(3)断裂对围岩的改造作用主要体现在岩性及其力学性质、岩体结构及裂隙、地下水活动、初始应力场环境4个方面。     

基于组合赋权-未确知测度理论的地铁隧道围岩质量评价

为了合理确定地铁隧道围岩质量等级,引入未确知测度理论建立了地铁隧道围岩质量评价模型,并选取岩石饱和单轴抗压强度、变形模量、质量指标、地下水、岩体抗剪强度、结构面摩擦系数等6项指标作为未确知测度模型的判别指标。以杭州地铁1号线为例,构造各指标的未确知测度函数,同时利用粗糙集优化层次分析法和改进的熵值法确定各指标的组合权重,依照置信度识别准则对围岩质量等级进行识别,并对其危险性程度进行排序,最后得出围岩质量分级的评价结果。将围岩质量分级的评价结果与现场评价和云模型评价结果进行对比分析,评价结果基本符合实际情况。研究表明,该方法评价过程合理、结果可靠,为地铁隧道围岩质量评价提供了一种新思维。     

软弱围岩隧道施工中大变形的产生及对策

介绍软弱围岩受地质构造作用,在隧道施工中产生大变形的机理和特点。根据现场施工情况,总结运用常规施工手段控制变形的施工措施,为类似地质条件下的隧道施工控制大变形的出现提供参考。     

SMW支护结构的原理及应用

SMW（SoilmixingWall）法始于日本，到80年代我国开始研究和应用，运用这种方法处理地基，对地基进行加固和围护，既经济又有效。我国沿海城市地基土多为软土，围护地基有一定困难，例如当用盾构法开凿隧道时，盾构井的围护就显的优为重要，用SMW法来围护盾构井应用较少，但却是一种好的方法，本文简单的介绍了一下SWM法的施工工艺和在盾构中的应用。     

Automated driving recognition technologies for adverse weather conditions

During automated driving in urban areas, decisions must be made while recognizing the surrounding environment using sensors such as camera, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), millimeter-wave radar (MWR), and the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The ability to drive under various environmental conditions is an important issue for automated driving on any road. In order to introduce the automated vehicles into the markets, the ability to evaluate various traffic conditions and navigate safely presents serious challenges. Another important challenge is the development of a robust recognition system can account for adverse weather conditions. Sun glare, rain, fog, and snow are adverse weather conditions that can occur in the driving environment. This paper summarizes research focused on automated driving technologies and discuss challenges to identifying adverse weather and other situations that make driving difficult, thus complicating the introduction of automated vehicles to the market.     

厦蓉高速巫帮隧道围岩变形监控量测与分析

文章结合厦蓉高速贵州境巫帮隧道现场工程地质和隧道开挖情况,制定了详细的隧道围岩监测方案,确定了班场量测的内容、项目与方法,提出了围岩稳定判别标准。并通过对隧道典型断面的拱顶下沉量、周边位移收敛量及地表沉降位移的监测数据的分析．阐述了闭岩变形发展变化规律和产生的原因。     

兰州地下轨道交通围岩热物理参数试验研究

地下轨道交通暖通空调系统的优化设计与地下轨道交通隧道围岩的热物理参数性质密切相关。文章以兰州地下轨道交通原状土样为研究对象,使用Hot Disk热常数分析仪探究了兰州地下轨道交通围岩的热物理性质。研究结果表明:兰州地下轨道交通围岩土样的导热系数随深度的增加而增加,深度13 m处的中砂层导热系数和热扩散系数最大,明显比其它深度处的黄土层和淤泥质土层的导热系数和热扩散系数大,而中砂层体积比热较小;围岩土样的导热系数随含水率增加呈线性增长,体积比热随含水率增加先降低后增高,热扩散系数随含水率增加先升高后缓慢降低。     

池家河隧道岩体浅表生改造及其与围岩级别的关系

为探讨池家河隧道围岩质量,文章基于隧址区浅表生改造特征和空间发育规律,初步划分了浅表生改造强度等级,建立了适用于池家河隧道地质条件的施工期围岩分级方案,探讨了浅表生改造与隧道围岩级别的关系。结果表明,池家河隧道隧址区岩体经受过较强烈的浅表生改造,主要表现为发育中缓倾角结构面和陡倾角裂隙。浅表生改造控制了池家河隧道岩体结构及围岩级别,浅表生改造强度可划分为强烈、中等和轻微。强烈改造带围岩级别一般为Ⅴ级;中等改造带围岩级别多为Ⅳ级,少部分为Ⅴ级;轻微改造带围岩级别多为Ⅲ级,少部分为Ⅳ级。池家河隧道浅表生中等改造带段落最多,控制了池家河隧道围岩级别。