京杭运河集装箱船队构想

该文根据对京杭运河适箱货物运输量的预测,考虑到京杭运河吃水浅,航道复杂,沿岸头装卸设备不配套的情况,提出了自带装卸设备的集装箱运输船队的构想。     

大屏幕集装箱装卸桥仿真训练器研究与开发

港口起重设备自2005年被国务院颁布的《特种设备安全监察条例》列为重点监察的特种设备以来,对其相关操作人员的培训越来越受到各港口作业单位的重视。为提高培训质量,降低培训成本,南通航运职业技术学院研发了大屏幕集装箱装卸桥仿真训练器。文章结合该仿真训练器的研发介绍了系统的基本组成、功能以及技术特点,并指出应用该模拟器的重要现实意义。     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads part 1: Nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper is the first of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. In the midship part of container ships, upward bottom local loads are usually larger than the downward ones. This leads to the increase of biaxial compression in the outer bottom plating and the reduction of the ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging condition. In this Part 1, the collapse behavior and ultimate strength of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method. Buckling collapse behavior of bottom stiffened panels during the progressive collapse of a hull girder is closely investigated. It has been found that major factors of the reduction of ultimate hogging strength due to bottom local loads are (1) the increase of the longitudinal compression in the outer bottom and (2) the reduction of the effectiveness of the inner bottom, which is on the tension side of local bending of the double bottom. The obtained results will be utilized in the Part 2 paper to develop a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads.     

Carbon dioxide emissions from port container distribution: Spatial characteristics and driving factors

Port carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in China have become an ever-increasing public concern due to their significant impacts on human health and the environment. However, existing studies focus mainly on CO₂ emissions from vessels calling at the ports and cargo handling within the ports, paying little attention to the inland distribution networks. To fill this gap, this paper proposes an easily implemented method for calculating CO₂ emissions from port container distribution (PCD) and investigates their spatial characteristics and driving factors. By analyzing 30 container ports in China, the main findings are as follows. First, road transportation is the major contributor of CO₂ emissions from PCD due to the lack of rail and inland water transportation. Second, PCD carbon emissions exhibit significant local spatial clustering. That is, ports with similar geographical locations tend to present a similar pattern of PCD carbon emissions. Third, as suggested by the spatial Durbin model, PCD carbon emissions are negatively determined by local gross domestic product, number of port berths, but are positively determined by local tertiary industry value and highway freight volume, and waterway freight volume in both local and neighboring ports. These results provide empirical insights into cross-port collaboration in reducing PCD carbon emissions.     

Profit-based maritime container assignment models for liner shipping networks

We propose the problem of profit-based container assignment (P-CA), in which the container shipment demand is dependent on the freight rate, similar to the “elastic demand” in the literature on urban transportation networks. The problem involves determining the optimal freight rates, the number of containers to transport and how to transport the containers in a liner shipping network to maximize the total profit. We first consider a tactical-level P-CA with known demand functions that are estimated based on historical data and formulate it as a nonlinear optimization model. The tactical-level P-CA can be used for evaluating and improving the container liner shipping network. We then address the operational-level P-CA with unknown demand functions, which aims to design a mechanism that adjusts the freight rates to maximize the profit. A theoretically convergent trial-and-error approach, and a practical trial-and-error approach, are developed. A numerical example is reported to illustrate the application of the models and approaches.     

基于CFD的某型满足IRCC-SP符号冷藏集装箱船货舱通风数值模拟

摘 要：以某型满足ABS船级社IRCC-SP符号冷藏集装箱船的货舱通风系统为研究对象，本文采用计算流体动力学CFD方法对通风系统的风机前端进风段和风机后端风管段分别进行数值模拟和流场分析。根据计算结果优化进风段的设计以降低进风阻力，并调整风管结构以满足IRCC-SP符号的风量要求。基于CFD方法设计的货舱通风系统顺利通过了IRCC-SP模型试验，模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好。研究表明，运用CFD方法进行通风系统分析，可以清晰地了解流场分布、通风阻力和风量分配等信息，以此评估通风方案的优劣，并指导优化设计提供。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of lashing bridge and container stack dynamics using a scaled model test

Previously reported container losses were generally attributed to extremely violent motions of containerships due to adverse weather conditions. However, most existing specifications or standards adopted for containers and lashing equipment meet the requirement of static conditions. Hence, further researches on safer container shipping under heavy sea states are required. Consequently, an experimental study method is proposed to measure the dynamic response of 1/10 scaled lashing bridge and container stack. The scaled model of the lashing bridge is constructed based on the similarity theory. Based on two dimensionless numbers, Froude's number and Cauchy's number, eleven container scaled models are employed. A series of experiments with controlled parameters are performed using a three-degrees shaking table (roll, pitch, heave) to present sufficient data to verify the effectiveness of the numerical model. The results of experiments, numerical simulations and calculations of the VERISTAR procedure (developed according to the BV rule) are compared. This study aimed to explore the mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge and container stack under predetermined driving excitations (roll and pitch) which simulated heavy sea states. According to the results, the model can predict conditions similar to real situations of the lashing bridge and container stacks while storages on the weather deck.     

Comparative evaluation of resource cycle strategies on operating and environmental impact in container terminals

This paper examines the use of single and dual cycle operations for three types of resources, namely, quay cranes, vehicles, and yard cranes to improve the operating efficiency and reduce the energy consumption in a container terminal. Various cycle strategies are proposed and their corresponding estimation models, describing the stowage distributions of outbound and inbound containers on a ship and the storage sharing level of blocks in the yard, are formulated to estimate the total number of cycles for the resources. Statistical analyses are conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of different cycle strategies on the cycle reductions. From the experiment results, it was found that collaboration between resources with the single cycle operation always outperforms that under the dual cycle operation without collaboration.     

基于GRNN神经网络的长江干线港口集装箱吞吐量预测

在长江集装箱货源市场调查分析的基础上,根据长江干线集装箱发展形势,结合长江干线港口发展情况及历年数据调查,考虑影响港口吞吐量预测的复杂因素,运用GRNN神经网络的优点,构建预测模型。预测结果证明,该模型在应用中是有效的,且当样本数据短缺时,预测效果也较佳。