资金的时间价值在公路工程施工过程中的应用

企业可持续发展的关键是实现利润最大化。施工企业面对市场日益激烈的竞争,关键是要在工程施工过程中确定切实可行的施工方案。通过实例论述了资金时间价值在施工方案选定中的作用,综述了施工过程中技术与经济的全面结合对企业利润的提高具有重要意义。     

Comparison of vibration response prediction on the main deck of a catamaran using experimental,numerical and correlated mode shapes

This work analyses the influence of three types of modal matrices on the prediction of vibration response (virtual sensing), at unmeasured degree of freedoms (DOFs), on a catamaran’s main deck: (1) uncorrelated finite element (FE), (2) correlated FE and (3) experimental modal matrices.A multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) framework was developed to handle the optimization and prediction processes. This framework introduces a new metric called Time–Frequency-Error Response Assurance Criteria (TFERAC) to assess the prediction quality. This metric also allows estimating the best set of modal acceleration vectors, which is a critical step in the virtual sensing process.As a case study, only 06 accelerometers and 13 vibration modes (within each modal matrix) were used in the virtual sensing. The MOGA framework’s performance was evaluated using a variance analysis test (ANOVA) between measured and predicted response signals.Results showed that: (1) any one of the modal matrices could be used successfully for virtual sensing on the main deck, that is, there is no need to use correlated FE or experimental modal matrices; (2) the newly proposed metric TFERAC leads to smaller errors in the prediction of both vibration time series and vibration spectra;(3) it is possible to perform a virtual sensing on a ship’s main deck using a limited number of sensors and a numerical modal matrix without being correlated with experimental data.     

耐候钢及其焊接节点大气腐蚀经时演化预测方法

为了给解决耐候钢桥在应用和发展中所面临的腐蚀问题提供理论方法与对策，针对耐候钢在大气环境中的腐蚀损伤演化特性，通过编制MATLAB程序，建立了基于三维元胞自动机技术的耐候钢焊接节点大气腐蚀经时演化模型。该模型根据耐候钢在大气腐蚀过程中发生的化学反应，将大气腐蚀系统中的关键元素抽象成4种元胞类型，并离散成元胞网格。对母材和焊缝分别定义了不同的元胞邻居类型，模拟了耐候钢焊接节点代表性体元在介观尺度上的腐蚀演化过程，并通过大气暴露试验验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性，揭示了耐候钢焊接节点腐蚀动力学及蚀坑演化规律，分析了溶解氧浓度和溶解概率对腐蚀损伤的影响。在此基础上提出了耐候钢大气腐蚀经时演化预测方法。研究结果表明：所提出的耐候钢焊接节点经时演化模型稳定可靠，演化规律合理，当时间尺度和空间尺度分别设置为0.2年和100μm时，模拟结果与大气暴露试验数据吻合良好；耐候钢焊接节点的腐蚀损伤主要由溶解概率和溶解氧浓度决定，平均腐蚀深度随溶解概率和溶解氧浓度的增加而增大。所提出的耐候钢大气腐蚀演化预测方法能够较为准确地再现研究对象的大气腐蚀过程，描述和识别研究对象在大气中的腐蚀动力学、腐蚀形态和蚀坑...