基于元胞自动机的拖挂车弯道转弯模型及仿真

根据拖挂车在弯道行驶的受力情况,推导出在车辆正常行驶和发生甩尾情况下车轮的行驶轨迹;并设计了状态感知向量及分量取值条件,以便驾驶员能对当前交通状况和外界环境的感知作出相应地加速、减速和转向等决策;在此基础上建立了基于元胞自动机的重型拖挂车弯道转弯模型。设计了一组特定环境下转弯路段的交通流仿真实验,仿真结果表明该模型能够对存在拖挂车较多的弯道设计参数进行检验和修正的有效性和可行性。     

基于TDR原理的红粘土路基含水率监测方法

路基含水率的长期监测能为科研及施工控制提供重要参考数据,采用传统含水率测试方法无法进行路基深层、连续、定位观测。时域反射（TDR）技术是一种快速测定土壤含水率的方法,克服了传统方法的缺点。针对TDR技术在红粘土中的测试偏差,通过室内标定试验和现场应用,提出了红粘土路基含水率现场监测方法,并在工程实践中得到了很好的应用和验证。     

��ͨ��Ϣ�ּ����ճ�·��ѡ���Ӱ������о�

交通信息对路网交通的影响是学术界广泛关注的问题,目前在这类研究中,大多是假定向出行者发布流量或旅行速度等详细的信息数值.而在实际交通信息发布中,由于检测精度等限制,只能向用户提供分为若干个级别的定性信息.本文针对这一问题,对交通信息影响下出行者日常出行决策行为以及对交通信息的感知行为进行了建模,随后使用仿真手段研究了交通信息分级条件下出行者的日常路径选择行为.结果发现,发布分级信息能使交通系统更快地达到随机均衡状态,代价是均衡状态的稳定性有所下降.同时,与发布详细信息相比,发布分级信息时系统性能较少受到信息更新周期的影响,对交通信息系统的实际应用具有一定参考价值.     

�˿�����������ϳ���Ϊ��ģ��ͱȽ��о�

受停靠站特性、乘客上车行为及其分布特征等因素的影响,公共交通系统运行过程中容易产生集簇等复杂现象.本文细致考虑了停靠站在线路上和乘客在停靠站的分布情况,通过刻画乘客有序和无序的上车行为,构建了一个新的公交运输系统元胞自动机模型.数值模拟结果与解析结果高度吻合,清晰地刻画了车辆在公交线路上的时空分布,再现了公交运行中的堵塞和集簇现象,定量地评价了停靠站分布、乘客分布、不同上车模式对车辆平均速度的影响.本研究有助于进一步认识不同上车模式下集簇现象的形成机理,对规范上车行为和优化停靠站设计具有指导意义.     

基于模拟退火算法的快速登机序列特性研究

合理组织乘客的登机过程可以有效地缩短登机时间,从而降低航空公司和机场管理者的运营及管理成本.首先,在分析造成登机时间延误各种因素的基础上,建立了能够反映乘客登机特征的元胞自动机仿真模型.其次,将该登机仿真模型嵌入到模拟退火算法中,求解出具有最小登机时间的乘客登机序列.最后,通过分析优化序列中的相关特性,可以看出：过道干扰是造成登机延误的主要因素,只有当座位干扰演变为过道干扰后才会对整体的登机时间产生影响;此外,最优序列中相邻登机乘客间的座位距离会随着人均存放行李时间的变化表现出不同的数值分布.     

Part 2. Beyond single-outcome models: Decompositions of aggregate and disaggregate road safety risk

The second part of the state-of-the-art focuses on the development of the founders' double streams explaining single-outcome indicators (probability of accidents and fatalities, respectively) by fixed form regression, as outlined in the Part 1. Following Page (1997, pp. 67–122, 2001) and others, we use as turning point of the evolution of both aggregate and discrete approaches the DRAG-1 model of 1984, itself based on aggregate data, which introduced four key innovations in principle applicable to both streams.     

Effect of risk preference on the valuation of time charter contracts with extension options

ABSTRACT

The literature on valuation of time charter contracts and real options in shipping generally relies on the complete markets hypothesis and the risk-neutrality of agents. However, these assumptions fail completely in some shipping market segments. This study proposes a numerical approach—based on discounting the certainty equivalent payoff at the risk-free rate—which incorporates the agent’s risk preferences through an exponential utility function. The method comprises an iterative Monte Carlo nested simulation with the real probability measure. This method is applied to a case of Suezmax tankers. The stochastic evolution of the time charter rates is modelled as a geometric mean-reverting process. The case study supports the applicability of the proposed method and evidences that the effect of risk preference may be significant, mainly for more risk-averse agents. Although the method involves intensive computation, it has the benefits of theoretical ease and flexibility, which could encourage utilisation by practitioners.     

ETCϵͳ���շ�վ����ˮƽ��Ӱ���о�

ETC技术的广泛使用有效提高了人工收费效率,缓解了收费站车流拥堵状况,本文对ETC系统优化配置方案进行了研究.根据收费站设计规范和实地调研成果,对高速公路收费站系统构件进行了形式化描述,结合系统各个构件中车辆的行为特征、车辆及收费通道的分类特征,建立了一种适用于高速公路ETC收费站系统的元胞自动机交通流模型.考虑到ETC收费站车流拥堵特性,提出了ETC收费站服务水平的概念及相关计算方法,设计以ETC使用率、ETC车道数量及交通流量为参数的仿真方案,选取封闭式4车道收费站进行仿真分析,基于仿真结果提出了ETC使用率分别为30%、60%和90%时ETC车道数的配置建议,为收费站管理人员合理利用ETC系统提供了理论依据.     

Examining the Political and Practical Reality of Bus-based Real Time Passenger Information

Abstract

Enhancing the bus experience through improved information provision is a key element of UK Government transport policy. Real time passenger information (RTPI) is perceived to reassure waiting passengers, to benefit the bus operator through increased revenue and the local authority, by promoting social inclusion and achieving a modal shift. RTPI also provides an important tool for operators by allowing them to monitor services and refine their schedules.

The aim of this paper is to understand the reasons for implementing RTPI in the bus sector, and to determine the key issues impacting on the likely success of such a policy. A case study approach investigates the experiences of two provincial towns in the UK. The paper suggests that, whilst it is unclear whether RTPI has resulted in an increase in bus patronage, it is considered to be most effective when combined as part of a package of measures. It is intended that the findings from the two case studies will reveal lessons of relevance to authorities contemplating the introduction of RTPI.     

某大桥地震作用下的时程响应分析

文章以某桥主桥2×100m的梁-斜拉组合体系为研究对象,采用ANSYS有限元软件对该桥进行了抗震性能研究,并基于地震时程分析法,评估了该大桥在地震荷载作用下的应力和位移响应情况,找到了该桥的薄弱环节,为该桥的设计提出有益的建议。