Development of origin–destination matrices using mobile phone call data

In this research, we propose a methodology to develop OD matrices using mobile phone Call Detail Records (CDR) and limited traffic counts. CDR, which consist of time stamped tower locations with caller IDs, are analyzed first and trips occurring within certain time windows are used to generate tower-to-tower transient OD matrices for different time periods. These are then associated with corresponding nodes of the traffic network and converted to node-to-node transient OD matrices. The actual OD matrices are derived by scaling up these node-to-node transient OD matrices. An optimization based approach, in conjunction with a microscopic traffic simulation platform, is used to determine the scaling factors that result best matches with the observed traffic counts. The methodology is demonstrated using CDR from 2.87 million users of Dhaka, Bangladesh over a month and traffic counts from 13 key locations over 3 days of that month. The applicability of the methodology is supported by a validation study.     

居安思危“八面镜子”启示我党警钟长鸣

20世纪90年代初,作为世界上第一个社会主义大国强国,苏联在没有外敌入侵和特大自然灾害的情况下,顷刻之间解体覆亡,这引起了世界性的深刻思考,作为现今世界最大的社会主义国家,它对我们的警示和教训十分重要,居安思危,从历史轨迹、指导方针、特权问题、组织路线等八个方面以史为镜,认真研究这一重大历史问题,在社会矛盾多发的情况下长鸣社会主义警钟,具有十分重大的现实意义。     

基于标准化修正SPT-N值的砂土液化评估双曲线模型

目前大多数砂土液化评价方法是基于某一地区或某一国家的地震液化实例提出的，但由于不同国家标准贯入试验所采用的测试设备和修正方法不同，因此得到的液化判别经验关系在适用范围上存在一定局限性。针对这一问题，首先对不同国家和地区的标贯试验数据资料进行了标准化修正，将其整理成可以进行统一分析的综合数据集；然后基于该综合数据集建立了修正的液化判别双曲线模型，由此确定了考虑3个影响项的标贯击数临界值，并通过比较标准化修正后的实测标贯击数和由双曲线模型计算得到的临界标贯击数的大小来判别场地的液化情况；最后采用了不同的综合数据集来评估不同模型的判别成功率，以此来检验所提出修正模型的适用性和有效性。结果表明：所提出的修正双曲线模型能有效适应不同试验标准的液化判别，且对液化案例和非液化案例的判别成功率均保持在80%左右，符合构造砂土液化判别模型的基本原则。     

Estimating the Economic Benefit of SCUBA Diving in the Similan Islands,Thailand

This article reports the results of the travel cost model using the standard and the truncated count data models to estimate the economic value of the Similan Islands, Thailand, from SCUBA diving. The estimated consumer surplus per visit to the Similan Islands using the truncated negative binomial model was US$3,233 and the economic value of the Similan Islands from SCUBA diving was estimated to be up to US$54.96 m. This study shows that, even without non-use values, coral reefs of the Similan Islands, if properly managed and maintained, will continue to have significant value to both Thai and overseas SCUBA divers, as one of the natural treasures of the world.     

Real-time estimation of turning movement counts at signalized intersections using signal phase information

A variety of sensor technologies, such as loop detectors, traffic cameras, and radar have been developed for real-time traffic monitoring at intersections most of which are limited to providing link traffic information with few being capable of detecting turning movements. Accurate real-time information on turning movement counts at signalized intersections is a critical requirement for applications such as adaptive traffic signal control. Several attempts have been made in the past to develop algorithms for inferring turning movements at intersections from entry and exit counts; however, the estimation quality of these algorithms varies considerably. This paper introduces a method to improve accuracy and robustness of turning movement estimation at signalized intersections. The new algorithm makes use of signal phase status to minimize the underlying estimation ambiguity. A case study was conducted based on turning movement data obtained from a four-leg signalized intersection to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and compare it with two other existing well-known estimation methods. The results show that the algorithm is accurate, robust and fairly straightforward for real world implementation.     

Bicycle commuting in Melbourne during the 2000s energy crisis: A semiparametric analysis of intraday volumes

Cycling is attracting renewed attention as a mode of transport in western urban environments, yet the determinants of usage are poorly understood. In this paper we investigate some of these using intraday bicycle volumes collected via induction loops located at ten bike paths in the city of Melbourne, Australia, between December 2005 and June 2008. The data are hourly counts at each location, with temporal and spatial disaggregation allowing for the impact of meteorology to be measured accurately for the first time. Moreover, during this period petrol prices varied dramatically and the data also provide a unique opportunity to assess the cross-price elasticity of demand for cycling. Over-dispersed Poisson regression models are used to model volumes at each location and at each hour of the day. Seasonality and the impact of weather conditions are modelled as semiparametric and estimated using recently developed multivariate penalized spline methodology. Unlike previous studies that use aggregate data, the empirical results show a substantial meteorological and seasonal component to usage. They also suggest there was substitution into cycling as a mode of transport in response to increases in petrol prices, particularly during peak commuting periods and by commuters originating in wealthy and inner city neighbourhoods. Last, we extend the approach to a multivariate longitudinal count data model using a Gaussian copula estimated by Bayesian data augmentation. We find first order serial dependence in the hourly volumes and a ‘return trip’ effect in daily bicycle commutes.     

装载机变速装置故障树分析方法

应用故障树分析方法对轮胎式装载机的主要部件--液力机械变速箱进行了分析,根据该部件的结构以及零部件失效与系统之间的逻辑关系,绘制了该部件的故障树,并通过结构函数表示了零部件状态对系统状态的影响.实践证明,故障树所表示的关系与实际使用中发生故障的情况是一致的.     

关联规则分布式算法的性能评价

主要叙述两种基于WS Cluster(WSs即工作站集群)环境的分布式并行处理的有效性算法.第1种算法是在WSs间的关系数据比较小的表算法.另一种算法是对数据通信应用转换操作和对独立数据每接点进行大量搜索过程的简化,通过这些算法在WSs中的实施,并对它们的性能作出评价.     

启东吕四港区疏浚工程“浚泽”船挖泥设备改进

启东吕四港区疏浚工程土的标贯击数范围为6~18击,属于9级砂土类,通过对比,选择分层施工工艺,但疏浚土标贯击数较大,严重影响施工船舶的生产效率。对“浚泽”船的挖泥设备进行研究,通过阶段性生产数据统计与分析,提出相应的改进措施,并与改进前的效果进行对比。结果表明,移除15°绞刀头变向弯头能提高船舶生产率和时间利用率,降低船舶油耗;更换绞刀齿型为长齿后,单齿每日完成工程量显著提升,切实提高船舶施工产能,同时延长耐磨损时间。     

计划统计计量在工程项目管理中的实施方法

工程计划、进度统计、计量管理在公路工程项目建设管理中起着重要作用,笔者以攀枝花市炳草岗金沙江大桥建设项目的管理模式,以及该项目实行计划、统计、计量管理所起的作用的总结为基础,并根据本项目中管理的经验,提出了一些完善工程项目建设管理的建议.可供其它项目的建设管理借鉴.