多货罐化学品船液货罐体与支承结构的接触分析

介绍了有限元分析方法对接触问题进行求解的一般方法,应用大型有限元分析软件Marc进行多货罐化学品船液货罐体与支承结构的接触分析,研究了支撑结构的加强方式,为制定CCS《散装运输危险化学品船舶构造与设备规范》（2006）的补充检验要求,提供了依据。     

Position synchronization for track geometry inspection data via big-data fusion and incremental learning

Track geometry inspection data is important for managing railway infrastructure integrity and operational safety. In order to use track geometry inspection data, having accurate and reliable position information is a prerequisite. Due to various issues identified in this research, the positions of different track geometry inspections need to be aligned and synchronized to the same location before being used for track degradation modeling and maintenance planning. This is referred to as “position synchronization”, a long-standing important research problem in the area of track data analytics. With the aim of advancing the state of the art in research on this subject, we propose a novel approach to more accurately and expediently synchronize track geometry inspection positions via big-data fusion and incremental learning algorithms. Distinguishing it from other relevant studies in the literature, our proposed approach can simultaneously address data exceptions, channel offsets and local position offsets between any two inspections. To solve the Position Synchronization Model (PS-Model), an Incremental Learning Algorithm (IL-Algorithm) is developed to handle the “lack of memory” challenge for the fast computation of massive data. A case study is developed based on a dataset with data size of 18 GB, including 58 inspections between February 2014 and July 2016 over 323 km (200 miles) of tracks belonging to China High Speed Railways. The results show that our proposed model performs robustly against data exceptions via the use of multi-channel information fusion. Also, the position synchronization error using our proposed approach is within 0.15 meters (0.5 feet). Our proposed data-driven, incremental learning algorithm can quickly solve the complex, data-extensive, position synchronization problem, using an average of 0.1 s for processing one additional kilometer of track. In general, the data analysis methodology and algorithm presented in this paper are also suitable to address other relevant position synchronization problems in transportation engineering, especially when the dataset contains multiple channels of sensors and abnormal data outliers.     

Itinerary choice and advance ticket booking for high-speed-railway network services

This paper formulates and examines the passenger flow assignment (itinerary choice) problem in high-speed railway (HSR) systems with multiple-class users and multiple-class seats, given the train schedules and time-varying travel demand. In particular, we take into account advance booking cost of travelers in the itinerary choice problem. Rather than a direct approach to model advance booking cost with an explicit cost function, we consider advance booking cost endogenously, which is determined as a part of the passenger choice equilibrium. We show that this equilibrium problem can be formulated as a linear programming (LP) model based on a three-dimension network representation of time, space, and seat class. At the equilibrium solution, a set of Lagrange multipliers for the LP model are obtained, which are associated with the rigid in-train passenger capacity constraints (limited numbers of seats). We found that the sum of the Lagrange multipliers along a path in the three-dimension network reflects the advance booking cost of tickets (due to advance/early booking to guarantee availability) perceived by the passengers. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate and illustrate the proposed model for the passenger assignment problem.     

Field investigation and parametric study of greenhouse gas emissions from railway plain-line renewals

Railway transportation is becoming increasingly important in many parts of the world for mass transport of passengers and freight. This study was prompted by the industry’s need to systemically estimate greenhouse gas emissions from railway construction and maintenance activities. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on plain-line railway maintenance and renewal projects. The objective of this study was to reduce the uncertainties and assumptions of previous studies based on ballasted track maintenance and renewal projects. A field-based data collection was carried out on plain-line ballasted track renewals. The results reveal that the emissions from the materials contribute more than nine times the CO₂-e emissions than the machines used in the renewal projects. The results show that extending the lifespan of rail infrastructure assets through maintenance is beneficial in terms of reducing CO₂-e emissions. Analysis was then carried out using the field data. Then the results were compared to two ballastless track alternatives. The results show that CO₂-e emissions per metre from ballasted track were the least overall, however, the maintenance CO₂-e emissions are greater than those of ballastless tracks over the infrastructure lifespan, with ballasted track maintenance emitting more CO₂-e emissions at the 30 and 60 year intervals and the end of life when compared to the ballastless track types. The outcome of the study can provide decision makers, construction schedulers, environmental planners and project planners with reasonably accurate GHG emission estimates that can be used to plan, forecast and reduce emissions for plain-line renewal projects.     

SPKI/SDSI2.0的安全性分析

用标准的Datalog程序表示信任管理系统SPK I/SDSI2.0的系统状态,以Datalog程序的最小Herbrand模型作为它的语义,定义了信任管理系统SPKI/SDSI2.0的安全分析模型,制定了状态转换的限制规则,该限制规则是可实现的,在此基础上对SPKI/SDSI2.0的权限泄露问题进行了全面的分析,证明了该问题是在多项式时间内可判定的;证明了一个状态对于权限r是否可靠依赖且仅依赖于关于权限r的可信主体集合,并给出了计算可信主体集合的算法.     

桥台裂缝的温度场效应研究

以重庆盘溪路大石坝立交工程为例,从温度场理论出发,研究了冬季降温产生的温度应力对如桥台结构的大体积混凝土应力变化的影响;应用有限元软件对桥台背面进行切缝处理,研究切缝后的桥台应力场分布情况。研究结果表明:桥台的外侧受温度影响比内侧受温度影响更为敏感,在降温时候外侧更容易开裂,在桥台背面适当位置增加竖向切缝后,桥台的温度应力集中现象将获得释放。     

船舶监控技术的应用

船舶安全有效的跟踪和监控手段是当前国内外水上交通运输业迫切需要解决的问题,传统的技术手段不能满足全球范围内无缝隙对移动目标定位跟踪、通信及监控管理;根据船舶实际应用的具体要求,运用Inmarsat、GPS、GIS、计算机及网络等技术的融合,开发了全球卫星移动目标监控系统(CTrackMarine),以满足船舶监控管理的需求,该系统对车辆、飞机的安全运行、生产调度具有重要指导意义。介绍了系统的组成、特点和功能,并展望了其应用前景,系统对三位一体的所有移动目标均具有推广应用的价值。     

高速铁路轨道振动与轨道临界速度的傅里叶变换法

将傅里叶变换法应用于轨道结构动力分析中。首先对轨道结构振动方程进行傅里叶变换,求解傅里叶变换域中的振动位移,再通过快速离散傅里叶逆变换得到轨道结构的振动响应。建立轨道结构连续弹性单层梁模型和双层梁模型,用傅里叶变换法求得列车通过时高速铁路的轨道临界速度,分析轨枕垫板和弹性扣件的刚度与阻尼、轨道基础刚度及道砟和轨道基础阻尼对轨道振动的影响。研究表明:轨道基础刚度对轨道临界速度有着重要的影响,轨道临界速度随轨道基础刚度的增加而提高;轨枕垫板和扣件阻尼及道砟和轨道基础阻尼对轨道振动非常敏感,阻尼的存在能极大地减小轨道强振动的发生。     

一种新型驼峰测长系统的研究

本文简要分析了驼峰编组站测长的基本原理，介绍了一种基于测量测长轨道电路输入阻抗的测长系统。该系统采用了阻抗传感与信号变换技术、数字信号处理技术、自适应滤波和轨道参数自动跟踪等技术和方法，具有设备简单、易于使用和维护、适应天气变化等特点。     

基于MATLAB仿真的国产铁路移频信号分析

讨论了国产18信息轨道移频信号和UM71轨道移频信号的时域和频域特性，分析轨道移频信号的载频、低频调制频率及频率偏移等参数特征，用MATLAB软件对国产铁路移频信号进行仿真，确定了其参数特征。