驾驶过程中手机使用行为数据采集及分析

驾驶过程中使用手机的行为存在安全隐患,是当今导致交通安全事故的原因之一。文章借助于信息技术开发出采集使用手机行为数据的App,从真实数据出发,客观地分析驾驶员在开车过程中使用手机这一不良驾驶行为的覆盖程度及危险程度,并提出将手机使用行为作为驾驶风险评价因子。     

集聚经济视角下轨道交通投资对城市系统均衡的影响

随着城镇化进程加快,城市规模增加所带来的集聚效应和交通拥堵等负外部性之间的矛盾越来越突出,优化城市交通基础设施建设是缓解该矛盾的重要举措。本文同时考虑了集聚经济和交通拥挤两种外部性,构建并求解了一个两区域城市空间结构模型,分三种情况探究了轨道交通的投资引入和道路容量的优化对城市规模和城市空间结构均衡的影响。结果表明,轨道交通的投资引入能够增加城市人口规模和社会福利,使城市结构更加紧凑。但是,随着集聚经济水平的提高,城市规划者应逐步完善公交配套设施,以降低公交拥挤成本,提高公交出行分担率;还应制定相应的福利政策,避免由于个体效用下降而导致人口流出。     

道路交通事故分析发展研究

近些年,我国交通事故量一直居高不下,而事故发生时车辆运行速度是分析事故原因、认定事故责任的重要内容,涉及保险理赔、法院审判等各个环节。目前分析事故原因,进行事故再现的主要途径是委托具有相关资质的事故鉴定机构进行速度重建,使用的方法主要有基于经验公式的事故重建、基于视频图像技术的事故重建、基于车载记录数据的事故重建和基于模拟软件的事故重建。文章主要介绍了交通事故分析的基本方法和发展方向。     

Exploring the issue of integrating logistics and traffic control in urban areas

This paper proposes an optimization framework for urban transportation networks’ (re-)design which explicitly takes into account the specific decision-making processes of ordinary users and logistic operators. Ordinary users are typically commuters whose travels consist of well-defined pairs of origin and destination points, while logistic operators make deliveries at multiple locations. Obviously, these two user classes have different objectives and scopes of action. These differences are seldom considered in traffic research since most models aggregate the flow demand in OD matrices and use assignment models to predict the response of all users as if the dynamics of their optimization processes were of the same nature. This work demonstrates that better results can be achieved if the particular features of each user class are included in the models. It potentially improves the estimation of the responses and allows managers to shape their control measures to address specific user needs.     

大型综合交通枢纽指路标志系统设置研究

城市大型综合交通枢纽由于其功能多样,辐射广泛,周边路网复杂,因此对其指路标志系统需要专门设计。文章以上海市虹桥综合交通枢纽指路标志系统为研究对象,从路网结构及交通流特性出发,将指路标志系统按出行者需求层次分为四级,并提出相应的指路标志设置原则及方法,供相关部门参考。     

隧道围岩体内位移监测分析

隧道围岩体内位移监测结论对于判断围岩稳定性和保证施工安全与工程质量起着重要的作用。文章以一高速公路隧道为依托,介绍了围岩体内位移测量设备和工作原理,并通过对其围岩体内位移检测数据的分析,提出了隧道围岩体内位移监测的注意事项。     

桂林市老城区分流交通保护圈规划设计

文章基于桂林市老城区交通现状,分析了老城区交通存在的主要问题,提出了桂林市老城区分流交通保护圈规划的总体思路,并根据这一思路设计出具体的老城区分流交通保护圈规划方案,为桂林市老城区交通系统规划提供决策依据。     

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.

A field evaluation case study of the environmental and energy impacts of traffic calming

This study quantifies the energy and environmental impact of a selection of traffic calming measures using a combination of second-by-second floating-car global positioning system data and microscopic energy and emission models. It finds that traffic calming may result in negative impacts on vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates if drivers exert aggressive acceleration levels to speed up to their journeys. Consequently by eliminating sharp acceleration maneuvers significant savings in vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates are achievable through driver education. The study also demonstrates that high emitting vehicles produce CO emissions that are up to 25 times higher than normal vehicle emission levels while low emitting vehicles produce emissions that are 15–35% of normal vehicles. The relative increases in vehicle fuel consumption and emission levels associated with the sample traffic calming measures are consistent and similar for normal, low, and high emitting vehicles.     

广西南梧公路苍梧县林水段通行能力研究

文章对南梧公路苍梧县林水段通行能力和服务水平进行了研究和比较,介绍了通行能力计算公式和参数选取过程,论证了该路段的通行能力可以满足2020年前的交通需求,并提出了提高现有公路通行能力的方法和建议。