酸枣仁油对小鼠中枢神经系统的影响

利用浮动法和落砂法研究了酸枣仁油剂对小鼠自主活动的影响，结果表明酸枣仁油乳剂在１．４ｍｌ／ｋｇ或０．３５ｍｌ／ｋｇ灌胃给药，每天２次，连续３ｄ，可使小鼠自主活动减少；酸枣仁油乳剂与戊巴比妥钠合用，可协同延长小鼠的睡眠时间。提示酸枣仁油可能是酸枣仁镇静催眠作用的有效成份。     

Influence of the heavy fuel spill from the Prestige tanker wreckage in the overlying seawater column levels of copper, nickel and vanadium (NE Atlantic ocean)

The water column above the Prestige wreckage was sampled during two consecutive campaigns: Prestinaut (December 2002) two weeks after the tanker sunk and HidroPrestige0303 (March 2003) one month after the sealing of the main fuel leaks. Samples of the original cargo fuel and the emulsified fuel in the surface of the ocean were also collected. Analysis of the fuel indicated the release of 135 kg of Cu, 1700 kg of Ni and 5300 kg of V from the original fuel to the water column, remaining 35 kg of Cu, 3100 kg of Ni and 13,800 kg of V in the emulsified fuel. The metal partitioning between the water column and the emulsioned floating fuel, Cu > Ni ~ V, are in accordance with the stability index for the metal–nitrogen bond in metalloporphyrins. This release had an impact on dissolved trace metal concentrations in the water column. An increase on dissolved copper (2.8–4.7 nM) and nickel (2.2–8.0 nM) with respect to natural values (1–3 nM for Cu and 1.6–5 nM for Ni) was observed. Values for vanadium (28–35 nM) were in the range of pristine North Atlantic waters (30–36 nM). This contamination was especially observed in the upper water column (0–50 m), associated with the mixing of seawater with the fuel moving upwards, and in deep waters, where the residence time of fuel is higher. Future research in this field should focus on the environmental variables and the processes that control the release of contaminants from fuels for a better assessment of the contamination in oil-spill events.     

汽油发动机倾斜试验研究

发动机倾斜试验的目的是验证润滑系统和曲轴箱通风系统在前后纵倾、左右侧倾及两者相结合时的状态是否符合要求,并对这几种情况进行单独分析及合成分析。文章以三缸汽油发动机为例介绍试验目的、试验准备、仪器和设备、试验方法、数据结果分析等。试验通过倾斜发动机至一定角度模拟整车在加速、转弯、刹车时油底壳液面高度及角度,评估发动机的润滑系统和曲轴箱通风系统在类似的整车工况下是否满足发动机的正常工作需求,为发动机的设计及验证提供参考。     

GRAVINER Mark6 OMD监控与管理技术研究

文章针对GRAVINER Mark6 OMD调试和维护管理困难等问题,分析其系统结构、新技术特点,并提出了管理与维护方法及失效时导致曲轴箱爆炸事故处理办法,对船舶机电调试及管理工作有一定的参考意义。     

胜利油田海堤工程护面块体选型

结合海堤工程的不同断面形式,以水工物理模型试验作为主要研究手段,验证海堤在不同工况条件下在临界破碎波高作用下的护面块体稳定性。通过比较分析两种护面块体形式的稳定性试验的相关数据,最终确定适用于胜利油田海堤工程的合理经济的护面块体形式。     

Social and spatial effects of transforming the private vehicle fleet in Brisbane,Australia

Transformation of the motor vehicle fleet has been an important feature of the world’s peak car phenomenon. Very few urban transport studies have explored such important changes in large urban cities. Using an innovative green vehicle datasets constructed for 2009 and 2014, this paper investigates the ongoing change in urban private vehicle fleet efficiency (VFE) in Brisbane. The spatial patterns of VFE change were examined with social-spatial characteristics of the urban area. The results showed that the social and spatial effect of VFE changes remain uneven over urban space. The inner urban areas have experienced higher level of VFE change, whilst people in the outer and oil vulnerable areas showed a low tendency in shifting to more efficient vehicles. The implication of VFE change for future household vehicle adoption was also evaluated based on a cost-benefit analysis of new vehicle technology costs and expected fuel savings for households that choose a fuel efficient vehicle. The results show that imposing a stronger national fuel economy target in the long term would accelerate evolution of vehicle fleets and oil vulnerability reduction in Brisbane.     

Operational Oceanography System applied to the Prestige oil-spillage event

This contribution describes the procedure used during the Prestige oil-spillage event, by means of an Operational Oceanography System, and the behaviour of the present prediction tools (hydrodynamic and dispersion models) applied to it. The accuracy of these tools is estimated by a reanalysis of field data transmitted by a sea surface drifting buoy, released at the time of the oil spill. The numerical models applied were the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS), fed by the available six-hourly NCEP atmospheric information, together with a Lagrangian Particle-Tracking Model (LPTM). ROMS has been used to estimate the current fields for the Bay of Biscay, whilst the LPTM has provided the oil spill trajectories. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the numerical models depends upon the quality of the meteorological input data. In this case, the current fields at the sea surface, derived by ROMS, have been underestimated by the wind fields of the NCEP reanalysis data. An efficient calibration of these wind fields, with data provided by the Gascony buoy (fixed oceanic and atmospheric station), achieves more realistic looking results; this is reflected in the comparison between the buoy trajectory predicted numerically and the tracked movements of the drifting buoy.     

自动变速器油泵的检修

对于自动变速器油泵，可通过失速试验和时间滞后试验来检查油泵的性能和判断油泵有无故障。经分析认为，主动齿轮、齿环与泵壳凸台配合间隙超限，主动齿轮、齿环与泵壳接触面磨损量超限，以及O形圈老化或断裂是造成油泵性能下降的主要原因。     

汽车油封技术及发展动向

油封是汽车发动机，变速器，分动器和驱动桥等总成中的重要密封年。阐述了汽车用油封的密封机理，结构形式及各参数之间的关系，介绍了动力型油封的结构特点和性能特点，并对比分析了目前普遍用于制造油的４种合成橡胶材料的优，缺点，开发低摩擦油封是一个发展方向，论述了降低油封摩擦转矩的途径。     

筑养路机械液压油污染控制管理

液压油污染是引发筑养机械液压系统故障的主要原因，通过对液压油性能及污染程度的现场分析，给出了防止液压油污染的控制标准和措施。