日本城市轨道交通应用系统模式

简述了日本城市轨道交通系统的发展概况,介绍了该国的几种主要城市轨道交通模式,由此对中国的城市轨道交通模式选择提出了几点建议。     

加速发展我国高性能船舶和水上高速客运

为开发海洋经济,发展海上运输,加快海军现代化建设步伐,必须加速发展高性能船舶和水下高速客运。为此,本文提出了有关决策层参考的几点政策性建议。     

Analysis of the economic and social parameters of the Three-Wheeler Taxi service in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has an extensive Three-Wheeler Taxi service comprised of around 300,000 vehicles. These vehicles, which first made an entry to Sri Lanka’s roads in the early 1980s, account for around 15% of the active motor vehicle fleet at present. Three-Wheelers Taxis also account for around 6% of the passenger kilometres. These vehicles are mostly individually operated with some owned by the operator and others hired on a monthly or daily basis. The industry is unregulated with vehicle registration and driving licenses being the only instruments of regulation. Fares are unregulated. However, most operators belong to associations which are loose collections of operators found in a given locality. These associations impose a degree of self regulation with respect to fares. They also tend to demonstrate oligapolistic behaviour.The paper is based on a survey of 200 operators and 100 passengers from a Divisional Secretariat area in Colombo District. The survey covered a number of details pertaining to ownership, management and fare structures, as well as opinions on the service attributes by users. The survey also covered perceptions of operators to determine the social, economic and transport implications of the services provided. Details were also obtained on the profiles of the operators and their expectations.The paper provides the results of the analysis of this data and draws a number of conclusions on the economics of the industry as well as the social aspects associated with it. It also discusses the characteristics of the users of these three wheelers as well as their typical use. The analysis also investigates complementarily of service provision between three wheelers as an access mode to buses and railways. This analysis has been used to develop an understanding of the manner in which the industry has grown over the last two decades and how it is being operated today. It also identifies areas wherein the industry has become inefficient and assesses the degree of over pricing that exists due to this. The data also helps to determine the relationship between unemployment and provision of self-employed transport services.The paper concludes with a synopsis of the profile of the industry and its role within the wider transport sector and with respect to ownership. It also discusses the positive and negative impacts of the lack of regulation on the industry.     

西北沙漠戈壁地区混凝土浇筑特殊养护措施费用分析

地处风沙、干旱地区的建设工程,自然环境条件恶劣,混凝土结构物经过浇筑后,需采取特殊养护措施,才能保证工程质量,从而造成费用增加.此文以处于沙漠戈壁地区的LX铁路部分区段为例,就铁路轨道支撑层、道床板和桥梁墩台采用特殊养护措施所需的材料和人工消耗及费用单价进行分析与计算,并与常规养护措施进行比较.说明采取特殊养护措施后相应费用的不足.应研究解决费用增加的方案。     

浅谈施工企业中项目的成本管理

施工企业中项目成本管理至关重要,详细介绍了成本预测及成本管理的内容。     

铁路运输企业专用计量工作的现状与改进

对铁路运输企业铁路专用计量工作的现状进行了评述,归纳分析了存在的问题,提出了改进实施建议。     

基于Q-learning和BP神经元网络的交叉口信号灯控制

解决单交叉口信号灯最优控制问题。提出了基于强化学习的信号灯控制系统结构,应用强化学习中Q学习,将信号灯最优控制问题转变成是否切换运行相位的决策问题,提出了采用BP神经元网络实现Q学习的信号灯控制系统。应用微观交通仿真软件PARAMICS进行仿真分析,结果表明该系统能够感知交通流变化,并能够自适应地调整信号灯切换策略,以达到最优的控制效果,该方法是可行的,与定时控制相比具有明显的优势。     

智能车辆安全辅助驾驶技术研究近况

论述了安全辅助驾驶技术的研究现状、研究的必要性以及研究进展。安全辅助驾驶技术包括车道偏离预警与保持、前方车辆探测及安全车距保持、行人检测、驾驶员行为监测、车辆运动控制与通讯等。分析了各种传感器的优缺点及其在实际应用过程中存在的问题,基于单一传感器不能很好地解决安全辅助驾驶技术可靠性和环境适应能力的要求,应结合激光雷达技术解决图像模糊问题,利用红外传感器增强机器视觉识别的可靠性,未来的安全辅助驾驶技术应该采取多种传感器融合的技术,结合毫米波雷达和激光雷达系统具有深度测量精确的特点,将极大的推动汽车安全辅助驾驶系统的应用和推广。     

基于单目视觉的区域交通智能车辆道路边界检测方法研究

基于单目视觉的道路边界检测由于其在车辆辅助驾驶系统中的重要应用价值成为当前计算机视觉和智能车辆领域最为活跃的研究课题之一。指出图像边缘检测现有算法的不足,采用领域平均法对图像进行平滑处理,根据图像的边缘特征运用Prewitt算子实现边缘增强,以获取精确的边缘信息。使用最大熵算法分割二值化图像进一步减少噪声,从而得到良好的道路特征图像数据。利用道路约束条件,建立视觉系统动态感兴趣区域(DAOI),运用改进的Hough变换最终识别道路边界。试验结果表明:本文所述算法不仅能准确、实时检测出道路板边界,而且能有效地抑制噪声,为区域交通智能车辆的换道和超车提供研究基础。     

浅析工程项目成本可视化管理

工程项目在企业经营中发挥着越来越重要的主导作用,然而却存在着项目成本管理粗放、成本控制不到位等问题。针对目前公路市场现状,以项目成本管理得失为例,提出项目成本可视化管理模式。