Technological innovations in the transport sector: the need for cooperation to meet environmental interests

Environmental problems have become urgent in many countries. A large contribution to the solution of environmental problems is expected from technological change. This raises the issue of how technological change takes place, and more in particular how technological change can be promoted that is beneficial to long term sustainability objectives.

In the paper we discuss this topic in the context of the transport sector. This is relevant because transportation contributes significantly to various types of pollution, existing trends might lead to even more negative impacts and finally there are high expectations about the potential of future technological development to reduce the environmental impact of transportation.

We approach the issue of technological change towards more environmentally sound development from the perspective of technology dynamics and sustainable development. We argue that additional theoretical insights are needed especially when one wants to study technological change in the context of environmental problems. We therefore discuss a strategy of cooperation between government and firms in network. Special attention is paid to the role of the government in networks and the use of a new type of instruments.     

LPG汽车在我国的应用与发展

石油资源短缺和环境保护成为21世纪人类发展面临的主要问题,液化石油气（LPG）汽车凭借其在节能减排方面的优势,将得到更广泛的应用。文章介绍了LPG的物理化学性能、来源以及LPG汽车在我国的发展状况。指出我国现阶段LPG汽车在加气站安全、加气站供气和人才技术等方面存在的问题及LPG汽车在近几十年的主要改进及发展方向。得出LPG作为新能源应用在汽车领域,在我国拥有很大优势,应得到更多的资金和技术支持。     

后亚运时期广州交通规划治堵工作的思考

交通拥堵已经成为国内城市普遍的一种城市病,广州借举办亚运之机,交通基础设施发生了根本性的变化,但仍然面临着交通拥堵的压力。在总结以往经验的同时,对形成拥堵的主要原因进行了分析,通过交通规划模型的迭代分析和风险评估,提出了3个方面的交通整治措施建议及2020年小汽车的合理规模,辨明了广州交通的发展阶段。最后,还对下一步的工作提出了建议。     

湖北交通运输“十二五”教育与培训发展形势与需求分析

"优先发展教育、大力发展职业教育、加快发展继续教育"为教育与培训提出了新要求,职业教育改革与发展呈现出新趋势,发展现代交通运输业对教育与培训提出了新挑战,湖北公路水路交通运输发展为教育与培训带来了新机遇。调整运输结构,转变发展方式,适应快速发展,提高岗位技能,构建和谐交通,树立行业形象,提升服务能力,实现科学发展,需要强化干部人才队伍培养、加强行业创新能力培养、加快专业技术人才和高素质技能型专门人才培养、提升行业劳动者队伍素质。     

海陆联运条件下集装箱空箱调运问题的研究

空箱调运已成为集装箱运输的一个重大难题。文章分析了海陆联运条件下集装箱空箱调运产生的主、客观因素及空箱调运管理中存在的问题,在此基础上,从加强船公司之间的合作、船公司与租箱公司之间的合作、提高集装箱信息化管理水平等方面研究了优化和减少集装箱空箱调运的多种措施。     

广西交通信息化建设业务需求探讨

交通信息化建设是以解决交通部门的管理需求和满足公众服务的要求为目的的。文章阐述了广西交通信息化建设的现状及存在的问题,探讨了信息化业务需求开发的意义和必要性,并提出了广西交通信息化业务需求开发的思路及建议。     

南宁市白沙大桥北岸节点改造及其效果评价

文章以南宁市白沙大桥北岸节点改造设计为例,探讨城市道路平面交叉口改造设计的思路,同时从整体交通路网着眼,介绍采用交通仿真对改造效果进行评价的方法。     

Incorporating Knightian uncertainty into real options analysis: Using multiple-priors in the case of rail transit investment

This paper revisits the real option investment problem from a ‘Knightian’ perspective of uncertainty. We examine the decision to invest in rail transit infrastructure (i.e., transport improvement) by treating population scale and the attitudes of decision-makers or social planners as sources of risk and ambiguity. An α-maxmin multiple-priors expected utility framework is developed to solve for the option value of rail transit investment under Knightian uncertainty. We find that the threshold for investment varies with the ambiguity attitudes (i.e., pessimism or optimism) of decision-makers regarding future population dynamics, and show that option value can in fact either increase or decrease with uncertainty subject to κ-ignorance and ambiguity. We also underline the effect of transport improvement on traffic congestion under various states of nature, and determine the specific population scale ranges for which investment is warranted under (1) risk and (2) Knightian uncertainty. These dynamics are illustrated in a numerical application adapted from a Chinese rail transit initiative specific to the Xiamen region.     

面向ITS的GIS研究与设计

地理信息系统在智能交通系统中起着重要作用,是基础子系统和功能子系统的集成。在面向ITS的GIS设计中,系统框架采用B S结构,系统功能分为4部分:数据采集、数据管理、空间分析和系统维护与刷新。在此基础上设计图层和数据库,并给出应用界面。这样的设计是合理和可行的,已经用于兰州市智能交通系统建设中。文章最后还列举了面向ITS的GIS亟需解决的问题。     

市场集中度与道路运输集约化经营

针对我国道路运输市场发展现状,从产业经济学理论出发,借鉴发达国家道路运输发展成功经验,系统分析我国道路运输市场结构及其存在的问题,通过论述市场集中度与道路运输集约化经营之间的关系,提出通过以提高道路运输市场集中度为核心和积极培植大型骨干企业、强化道路运输网络化经营、加大运输组织结构优化和提高产业科技水平等措施,来有效推动道路运输集约化经营。