路面结构水损坏的研究

无论水泥混凝土路面还是沥青路面,水损坏是目前国内外普遍存在的路面破坏形式,成为困扰公路工程质量的世界性难题。分析了路面水损坏的主要现象及其发生机理,阐述了产生水损坏的相关因素,提出了预防路面水损坏的相关对策。     

温塘河特大桥主拱拱座基础裂缝成因及防止措施

大跨径拱桥拱座基础属于大体积砼结构工程,在浇筑过程中产生大量水化热,使砼体内与表面形成较大温差,产生热应力,从而导致砼体产生深度不等的裂缝.笔者以重庆渝邻高速公路温塘河特大桥拱座基础的施工技术为例,对大体积砼体内的温度应力进行了分析计算,并提出了防裂措施.     

石太铁路山区段涵洞水害成因分析及防治

山区铁路涵洞每年雨季易发生水害,影响铁路正常运营.为了查明山区铁路涵洞发生水害的原因,提高山区铁路抵御水害的能力,依托石家庄至太原铁路某涵洞水害实际治理工程,对特大洪水造成涵洞闷孔水害的成因进行分析,在调查该地区气象、水文、地质资料的基础上,按照"原状复旧、适当提升、完善排水系统、提升抗洪能力"的原则,经过桥涵水文检算...     

伦敦的公交优先政策及启示

通过对比分析的方法,将伦敦曾经面临过的与国内大中城市正面临的城市交通问题进行对比,研究了英国交通发展的历史,伦敦公交发展现状,着重研究了伦敦公交优先政策实施的主要措施.提出,公交优先是多种公共交通模式并存的优先发展,实现公交优先,需要整合各种交通基础设施,并将城市用地、交通需求管理和可持续性的公共交通三者结合起来共同考虑.最后,对提升现有常规公交的服务水平提出了5点具体建议.     

基于奖罚措施的小汽车通勤者出行行为研究

奖赏和惩罚措施是解决交通拥堵问题的重要措施,本文基于在北京市的调查,进行 2 种措施下出行选择行为的探索研究,得出奖励措施会使更多的小汽车通勤者转向非高峰出 行,而收费措施对于使其放弃小汽车出行效果更好.基于前景理论的分析显示：奖励措施下,大 部分出行者的方式选择为“收益”;而收费措施下,大部分出行者面临“损失”,不同群体在出行 选择时呈现不同的风险偏好态度.在引导小汽车高峰出行向错峰出行转移时,奖励措施比较适 用于中等收入群体,收费措施比较适用于中高收入群体;在引导小汽车高峰出行向其他方式转 移时,2种措施对低收入群体效果更好.以上结论可为交通需求管理政策的制定提供一些参考.     

钻孔灌注桩成孔过程中几个问题的探讨

介绍了钻孔灌注桩施工过程中经常出现的问题,分析了产生问题的原因,并提出了解决问题的措施。     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.     

在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害成因分析及治理措施研究北大核心CSCD

盾构法广泛应用于我国城市轨道交通隧道的建设中,盾构管片的病害问题也越发受到重视。文章针对某地铁在建盾构隧道突发管片破损病害,绘制了管片破损病害展布图,分析了相关资料和检测数据,明确了病害的成因机理,制定并实施了相应治理措施。研究结果表明:管片背后大范围空洞导致围岩对隧道的约束不足,引起已成型隧道在盾构机反推力和扭矩、同步注浆浆液浮力、刀盘水土压力和扭矩等作用下发生类压杆弯扭失稳是导致该病害的主要原因;隧道变形监测数据表明"背后注浆填充+破损部位修复"两阶段治理措施取得了良好的治理效果;盾构隧道施工过程中,应严格管控同步注浆质量,防止隧道轴线偏移引起盾构管片发生开裂破损等病害。     

古石背隧道岩溶段的综合治理

溶洞洞穴的存在易造成隧道围岩塌陷压垮二衬或悬空造成开裂等病害,给隧道施工、运营安全造成威胁。针对古石背隧道施工在隧道拱顶、侧面、拱脚、仰拱底部等位置出现岩溶洞穴的情况,根据溶洞对隧道不同影响和施工条件,采用了清除充填物、回填片石夯实或砼、注浆加固填充物、钢筋砼护拱、钢筋砼板跨越、封闭地表塌陷、疏排地表水等综合治理措施,施工结果表明治理是成功的。     

电子设备测试场中的电磁辐射与防护

电子设备测试场是复杂电磁环境,是电磁辐射富集的地方,电磁辐射对人体健康的影响已经引起人们的普遍关注。文章介绍了电磁辐射对参试人员身体健康的危害及其作用原理,并讨论了其防护措施。