排序方式： 共有66条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
传统居民出行生成次数采用线性回归分析现状数据,建立居民特征变量与出行次数间的关系,但并未区分样本权重,预测结果受样本点波动影响较大。因此,论文考虑对不同的样本点施加不同权重,以区分不同样本点对预测结果的影响程度,并以最小二乘参数估计法为基础,采用Robust估计中的Welsch方法构造样本点权重值,通过迭代运算确定样本权重系数,进而建立样本权重变化的预测方法。研究表明,变权预测方法可应用于样本量大、变量众多,并难以准确识别样本有效性的情况。预测结果有效地避免了数据波动对预测结论的干扰,可更贴近居民出行次数的变化趋势。 相似文献
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Derek J. ClarkFinn Jørgensen Terje Andreas Mathisen 《Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice》2011,45(7):611-624
This paper analyses equilibrium fares that arise from Collusion, Cournot, Stackelberg, Bertrand and Sequential Price Competition when two profit maximising transport firms produce symmetrically differentiable services and have identical costs. Special focus is placed on how different equilibrium fares are linked to trip length. Higher operator costs and higher demand from the authorities regarding the quality of transport supply result in steeper relationships (larger rate of change) between all fares and travel distance. Also, a higher degree of substitutability between the services will in most cases make these relationships steeper. The competitive situation has less influence on fares, both absolutely and relatively, the longer routes the operators compete on. 相似文献
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In this paper, a destination choice model with pairwise district-level constants is proposed for trip distribution based on a nearly complete OD trip matrix in a region. It is found that the coefficients are weakly identified in a destination choice model with pairwise zone-level constants. Thus, a destination choice model with pairwise district-level constants is then proposed and an iterative algorithm is developed for model estimation. Herein, the “district” means a spatial aggregation of a number of zones. The proposed model is demonstrated through simulation experiments. Then, destination choice models with and without pairwise district-level constants are estimated based on GPS data of taxi passenger trips collected during morning peak hours within the Inner Ring Road of Shanghai, China. The datasets comprise 504,187 trip records and a sample of 10,000 taxi trips for model development. The zones used in the study are actually 961 residents’ committees while the districts are 52 residential districts that are spatial aggregations and upper-level administrative units of residents’ committees. It is found that the estimated value of time dramatically drops after the involvement of district-level constants, indicating that the traditional model tends to overestimate the value of time when ignoring pairwise associations between two zones in trip distribution. The proposed destination choice model can ensure its predicted trip OD matrix to match the observed one at district level. Thus, the proposed model has potential to be widely applied for trip distribution under the situation where a complete OD trip matrix can be observed. 相似文献
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Travel surveys based on global positioning system (GPS) data have exponentially increased over the past decades. Trip characteristics, including trip ends, travel modes, and trip purposes need to be detected from GPS data. Compared with other trip characteristics, studies on trip purpose detection are limited. These studies struggle with three types of limitations, namely, data validation, classification approach-related issues, and result comparison under multiple scenarios. Therefore, we attempt to obtain full understanding and improve these three aspects when detecting trip purposes in the current study. First, a smartphone-based travel survey is employed to collect GPS data, and a surveyor-intervened prompted recall survey is used to validate trip characteristics automatically detected from the GPS data. Second, artificial neural networks combined with particle swarm optimization are used to detect trip purposes from the GPS data. Third, four scenarios are constructed by employing two methods for land-use type coding, i.e., polygon-based information and point of interest, and two methods for selecting training dataset, i.e., equal proportion selection and equal number selection. The accuracy of trip purpose detection is then compared under these scenarios. The highest accuracies of 97.22% for the training dataset and 96.53% for the test dataset are achieved under the scenario of polygon-based information and equal proportion selection by comparing the detected and validated trip purposes. Promising results indicate that a smartphone-based travel survey can complement conventional travel surveys. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the influence of built environment measures on trip distance and walking decision of non-workers by segmenting the populace based on trip purpose, vehicle ownership, and the presence of school-going children in households. The built environment measures of home zone of individuals considered for the present analysis include zonal population density, zonal school enrolment, land use mix diversity index, and an indicator variable that captures if neighbourhoods have footpaths of adequate width available. Statistical analyses conducted on home-based trips indicate that an increase in the land use diversity of a zone has its strongest negative effect on distance travelled for participating in personal/household business activities. The non-vehicle owning group exhibit a higher tendency to walk than the vehicle-owning group for an increase in the land use diversity of zones. Further, the study suggests that school-enrolment in a zone also influences the travel decisions of non-workers in families with school-going children. 相似文献
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缩短公交出行起始步行路程和最终步行路程是提高公交出行便捷性、扩大公交出行分担率最重要的措施之一。本文介绍了缩短公交出行起始步行路程和最终步行路程的主要途径、某一公交站台起始步行路程和最终步行路程的计算办法和某一公交线网起始步行路程和最终步行路程的评价办法,并对利用站台覆盖率这一指标评价公交线网起始步行路程和最终步行路程的不足之处进行了讨论。 相似文献
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基于GIS的公交网络模型及其在公交线路查询中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
分析了公交网络的特点，研究了如何利用GIS技术建立基于道路网的公交网络模型，提出了基于最优化路径条件下的换乘搜索方法，并探讨了其在公交线路查询中的应用．该方法可用于计划出行路线和提供在线信息，有效综合了线路、费用、时间及相关的动态交通数据．这样的系统可建立在互联网GIS系统中，为出行者提供交互式的服务． 相似文献
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Entering the 21st century, one of the most significant demographic changes in developed countries is the aging of the population. Travel is an important aspect of older people's economic well-being, so with the aging of the population, improving transport for older people is increasingly important. This article presents the results of a study of older people's travel behaviour based largely but not exclusively on LATS (London Area Travel Survey) 2001 data. The focus is on older people's trip chaining behaviour, including trip chain complexity, trip purpose sequence and mode choice in a chain. After identifying the policy implications it looks at the role of Special Transport Services in improving the supply of transport for older people, taking the London Borough of Camden as a case study. 相似文献
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本文根据佛山市南海区公共自行车出行相关数据,从使用者的年龄、职业、收入以及公共自行车的出行目的、出行方式、出行时耗、出行距离等方面,对城市公共自行车交通出行特性进行了详细的分析,并为公共自行车系统规划和发展提出建议. 相似文献