冷再生中粒式混合料目标级配范围研究

为了使冷再生混合料的性能得到提高,从影响冷再生混合料的关键因素一级配人手,基于国内外冷再生级配范围的研究和工程应用,通过N法、K法和I法等方法设计级配,经过贝雷法级配检验,得出冷再生中粒式混合料目标级配范围,并通过混合料性能试验,得出按所推荐的级配范围设计的冷再生混合料性能较优。     

EH47高强度厚钢板角焊缝裂纹修补工艺研究

随着造船业飞速发展,大量高厚度、高强度、高韧性的钢板被应用于大型集装箱船的上甲板区域。EH47是工业革新的最新成果,它的屈服强度高,被使用于万箱级集装箱船的上甲板区域。某船厂10000 TEU船舱口围钢板与舾装件角焊缝发生开裂,通过有限元计算出裂纹发生的可能性,并分析了开裂发生的原因,针对结构特点和材料特点,采用CO2气体保护焊焊补,通过选用合理的焊丝、预热温度、焊后保温等措施来防止裂纹的产生。     

三硝基苯磺酸/乙醇灌肠液诱导大鼠溃疡性结肠炎TLR4/NF-κB和PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路的表达及电针的干预作用

目的探讨三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)/乙醇灌肠液诱导大鼠溃疡性结肠炎TLR4/NF-κB和PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路的表达及电针的干预作用。方法雄性Wistar大鼠240只,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、电针组、TLR4单克隆抗体(TLR4mAb)组、LY294002组和TLR4mAb-LY294002联合治疗(T&L)组。以TNBS/乙醇溶液灌肠诱导大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型,电针组造模同时给予电针足三里穴治疗,TLR4mAb组给予TLR4mAb腹腔注射,LY294002组则予LY294002注射液腹腔注射,T&L组则同时给与上述TLR4mAb和LY294002腹腔注射,共4周,每日行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分。造模4周后处死大鼠取结肠组织标本,评价结肠黏膜损伤指数(CMDI)和组织学损伤指数(TDI);免疫印迹法测定结肠黏膜磷酸化AKT(P-AKT)和活化NF-κB含量;RT-PCR法检测结肠组织中TLR4mRNA、PI3K mRNA、AKT mRNA、NF-κB mRNA、TNF-αmRNA及IL-1βmRNA表达。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组结肠组织TLR4mRNA、PI3K mRNA、P-AKT、活化NF-κB、TNF-αmRNA、IL-1βmRNA表达和DAI、CMDI及TDI均显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,TLR4mAb组TLR4mRNA表达显著下降(P<0.01),LY294002组PI3K mRNA、P-AKT表达显著下降(P<0.01),而在电针组和T&L组TLR4mRNA、PI3K mRNA及P-AKT表达均明显降低(P<0.01);与上述变化相对应,与模型组相比,各治疗组活化NF-κB、TNF-αmRNA、IL-1βmRNA表达和DAI、CMDI及TDI均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),电针组和T&L组上述6指标优于TLR4mAb组和LY294002组,活化NF-κB与TNF-αmRNA及IL-1βmRNA表达呈正相关(r1=0.579,P<0.05;r2=0.561,P<0.05)。结论电针足三里穴能显著降低实验性溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的NF-κB活性及TNF-αmRNA、IL-1βmRNA表达,从而减轻结肠组织损害程度,这与其阻断TLR4/NF-κB和PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路有密切关系。     

Experiences with Competitive Tendering of Bus Services in Germany

Abstract

After a long transition period with only a few isolated procedures for competitive tendering, the market for German public transport bus services has seen numerous such tenders in recent years. The results are complex. From the public transport authorities’ point of view, the main effects are a decrease in subsidy payments, with relatively low expenses relating to the tendering process (allocation, contract management). The overall level of competition is high, with five to seven bidders on average, although this has been declining in recent years. Entry barriers have been identified at significant levels for several parameters, especially with respect to the volume tendered and the revenue risk to be borne by the operator out of net‐cost contracts. Demonstrably small‐ and medium‐sized transport operators have been able to increase their market share in the starting phase of introducing tendering, with diminishing success rates in recent years. Due to the increased quality requirements in competitive tendering, the quality of public transport available has improved considerably, and environmental standards have been better implemented and sustained. As far as employees are concerned, a trend towards wages below the wage rate of private operators cannot be observed. However, their level is well below the level of public incumbent operators.     

AC-25粒度分布对级配离析的影响

在AC-25级配范围内,通过调整拌合楼各热料仓比例生产出7种级配的沥青混合料,采用贝雷法将AC-25级配组成划分为0～0．3、0．3～1．18、1．18～4．75、4．75～13．2、13．2～31．5 mm 5个区间,运用灰色关联法计算了不同级配的各区间集料含量与级配离析的灰色关联度。分析结果表明：灰色关联度可以较好地反映AC-25级配区间集料含量对级配离析的影响程度,5个区间4．75～13．2、0．3～1．18、0～0．3、1．18～4．75、13．2～31．5 mm的关联度依次减小;4．75～13．2 mm区间集料含量与级配离析的灰色关联度最大,该区间集料含量的变化对最终路面级配变异会产生较大影响,设计时可通过调整该种集料含量以获得较好的抗离析级配;1．18～4．75 mm 和13．2～31．5 mm粒径区间的集料含量与级配离析的灰色关联度偏小,说明粗集料和细集料中的较粗部分对级配离析的影响较小;各级配区间集料含量与级配变异程度的二次回归相关系数大于0．6,说明集料间交互作用对最终离析程度影响较大,仅考虑单个筛孔通过率对沥青混合料性能的影响,有可能会消弱集料级配的离析特征,应从不同粒级组合角度分析沥青混合料级配的抗离析性能。     

强震作用下带屈曲约束支撑的K型网壳整体结构性能分析

以K6型网壳为研究对象,考虑网壳支承结构的弹性效应,并在支承结构中设置屈曲约束支撑（BRB）,考虑在9度区强震作用下,通过不同的屈曲约束支撑布置方式对结构进行动力弹塑性分析.结果表明,在考虑整体网壳支承结构共同工作时,结构主要节点位移和杆件内力响应都有所减小;网壳上部结构设置屈曲约束支撑能够有效降低节点位移和杆件内力响应;考虑上部和下部设置屈曲约束支撑共同工作对于K6型网壳减振耗能有很好的效果.