浅埋偏压、软弱围岩双线隧道大变形施工控制技术

结合浅埋偏压、软弱围岩高枧槽隧道实体工程,介绍了开挖断面大、岩溶发育、地质复杂的隧道产生大变形的情况及分析产生的原因,提出了地表打入钢管桩预加固提高承载力、中台阶钢架间增设纵向托梁与地表钢管桩焊接提高整体受力、设置临时仰拱或横撑、双层拱架支护等措施。通过及时分析围岩和支护变形情况,最终洞内初期支护变形、拱顶下沉、地表开裂等现象得到有效控制。     

基于单护盾的复合式TBM主轴承密封润滑系统改进

通过对铜锣山隧洞单护盾复合式TBM施工过程中出现的主轴承密封出现严重漏油问题的分析研究,将润滑系统的一部分由油润滑更改成脂润滑,快速有效的解决了润滑油泄漏的问题。不仅节约了施工成本,而且赢得了大量宝贵的掘进时间,确保了工程按时完工,取得了良好的经济和社会效益,为类似问题的处理提供了新思路和技术借鉴。     

主成分回归的新疆兵团道路客运量预测

道路客运量预测是道路运输业规划的基础工作,科学准确地预测新疆生产建设兵团道路客运量是制定其运输业发展规划、发展战略的重要理论依据。根据新疆生产建设兵团道路旅客运输业发展特点,运用spass统计软件,综合主成分分析法和全回归法,确定道路客运量的主要因素,构建客运量预测模型,实现spass主成分回归分析在新疆生产建设兵团道路客运量预测中的应用。     

基于排队延误模型的干线协调控制配时方法

利用有限元排队模型分析信号控制交叉口排队队长与交叉口通行能力、排队延误间的相互关系,在此基础上建立交通高峰期干线协调控制的混合线性规划模型,对干线协调控制的配时参数与相位时序进行优化设计,采用实例验证,该方法能够使干线道路的通过能力和平均延误得到良好改善。     

慢即是快——紧凑道路设计思路

按照联邦州际高速公路系统设定的标准修建、扩容快速路耗资巨大,且对环境产生不利影响.然而由于交通拥堵,仅有少数出行者才能体验到快速驾驶的优势.探讨了道路设计的另一种思路——设计更紧凑的道路,或者说车道数更多但车道宽度更窄的道路.对比常规设计和紧凑设计两种思路下快速路车速、通行能力、行程时间指标,结果显示在高峰时段车辆排队严重时,紧凑设计具有较明显的优势.由于紧凑设计对道路安全性的影响尚未定论,建议设置更低的限速并采取措施禁止超速行为.最后指出,紧凑设计可增加道路通行能力以缓解交通拥堵,因此其适用范围得到扩展.     

Towards improved port capacity investment decisions under uncertainty: a real options approach

ABSTRACT

Port activity plays an important role in facilitating international trade. Sufficient capacity is indispensable for a port to attract flows to a region and retain them. The capacity decision is the result of a trade-off between investment and waiting costs. Traditional methods to value expansion projects do not deal adequately with managerial flexibility in the face of uncertainty from different sources in the complex port environment. In this paper, real options (RO) models are identified as an alternative method to making project valuations and investment decisions, as they attribute the correct value to managerial flexibility under uncertainty. In order to be able to build and use such RO models for port capacity investment decisions, the sources and implications of uncertainty in the port and the different RO model specifications need to be understood. To this end, both the literature about uncertainty in the port context and the literature about real options models are reviewed in order to provide researchers who want to build their own decision-making models, with the necessary knowledge of both fields. The review makes clear that the complex interactions in and competition between the logistics chains and their actors coming together in ports have significant impacts on port capacity. Uncertainty is also caused by uncertain international trade flows and changes in legislation following new technologies and environmental impacts. An analysis of the components of some general RO models shows how the options of flexible output, investment size and timing are valued by RO models in a setting with demand uncertainty. Moreover, the review presents researchers with insights in how to deal with cooperative and competitive interactions in the chain, time to build, cyclical markets and legislation changes. It also shows how to value the expansion and the phased investment options. The new insights resulting from this review are subsequently combined in a framework that serves as a guideline to build RO models for port capacity investments. Finally, an exemplifying application of the framework is used to build an actual port capacity investment decision model.     

Synchronized Production and Transportation Planning Using Subcontracted Vehicles in a Production-Distribution Network

Abstract

Effective management of interfaces between procurement, supply, production and distribution for higher efficiency in the supply chain is an important issue in global manufacturing, where the synchronization of production and transportation planning represents important savings in operational costs. This paper focuses on the synchronization of production planning and transportation planning in a production distribution network, where transportation is subcontracted to a professional transportation enterprise (PTE) for vehicle-hiring. Dynamic and flexible numbers of vehicles are used to cater for fast changing market demands. Thus, the number of vehicles to be hired is viewed from the planning point of view as an operational decision considered simultaneously with production and transportation planning. A mathematical model – SPTP/MTDS – for synchronized production and transportation planning under multiple times and direct shipping strategy (MTDS) is discussed, and a Lagrange relaxation decomposition-based two layer decision procedure (LRD-TLDP) is developed. By introducing artificial decision variables and Lagrange multipliers, SPTP/MTDS is decomposed into a production decision sub-problem (SPTP-PD), and a distribution decision sub-problem (SPTP-DD). A priority-based assignment heuristic and a partial chain-based genetic algorithm are developed to solve SPTP-PD and SPTP-DD, respectively. An illustration of the application of the model in an electronic appliance manufacturing enterprise in China is presented.     

Reduced dwell times resulting from train–platform improvements: the costs and benefits of improving passenger accessibility to metro trains

Abstract

This paper examines whether a dwell time reduction on a high-intensity metro service, as a result of a series of accessibility enhancements, can contribute to an increased level of service and accessible public transport for passengers together with a reduction in costs for the operator. Actual train operation data were collected by on-site observations and from London Underground Ltd. A simple simulation is built to represent the effect on the overall cycle times of trains if certain parameters (e.g. dwell time) are changed. Four models are developed, concerning: (1) step height between train and platform, (2) an assumption of passenger service time to be no longer than 20 s, (3) door width and (4) the combination of step height and door width. From the application of the models it appears that the fourth model provides the highest reduction in dwell time and diminishes the overall cycle times of trains. However, it is the most expensive to implement as it requires work to raise platforms and the purchase of new rolling stock.     

A railway capacity determination model and rail access charging methodologies

This article discusses approaches to the determination of railway capacity and the significance of the following factors on capacity: mix of trains, length and weight of trains, direction of train travel, acceleration and deceleration, stopping protocols of trains, location and length of crossing loops, location of signals, length of sections, dwell times and sectional running times. A more accurate method to calculate railway capacity is developed using previously unaddressed aspects for capacity determination. Capacity and pricing are two key issues for organizations involved with open track access regimes. A train access charging methodology is therefore developed and incorporated into a railway capacity determination model.     

CFRP加固梁承载力分析

碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)是新兴技术,在国外有少数的在木质和砌体结构上的补强加固应用。利用空间大型有限元软件ANSYS软件,对带有翼缘板薄壁箱形连续梁进行了有限元分析,并对各个有限元分析模型的结果进行对比分析。