钢桁梁悬索桥承载能力的静载试验评估分析

早期修建的小跨径钢桁梁悬索桥目前多已接近设计年限,正确评估其承载能力是桥梁维修、加固和技术改造的基本依据,也是桥梁管理的重要内容。文中介绍了桥梁承载能力评估的静载试验方法,分析了中美两国桥梁评估规范的异同;同时结合泸定县城南大桥的实例,在计算分析现场检测资料和静载试验结果的基础上评估其承载能力状况,并提出了恢复承载能力的加固措施和建议。     

现状铁路地道砖砌挡土墙的结构设计及验算

对沧州市黄河路下穿京沪铁路处地道节点的现状砖砌挡墙进行翻建修复,对不同高度的挡墙进行了计算,结合重力式挡土墙抗弯和抗剪承载力值,得出了不同高度挡土墙的适用结构形式,可供相似工程的设计及建设工作者参考.     

浅议双向偏心受压构件正截面受压承载能力计算方法

阐述了《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG D62-2004)、《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2010)和AASHTO规范中关于双向偏心受压构件正截面受压承载能力的相关条文,指出了三本规范中关于双向偏心受压构件正截面受压承载能力采用轴力近似公式法的异同,并提出了目前《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范》(JTG D62-2004)中双向偏心受压构件正截面受压承载能力计算公式的修改建议。     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads part 1: Nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper is the first of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. In the midship part of container ships, upward bottom local loads are usually larger than the downward ones. This leads to the increase of biaxial compression in the outer bottom plating and the reduction of the ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging condition. In this Part 1, the collapse behavior and ultimate strength of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method. Buckling collapse behavior of bottom stiffened panels during the progressive collapse of a hull girder is closely investigated. It has been found that major factors of the reduction of ultimate hogging strength due to bottom local loads are (1) the increase of the longitudinal compression in the outer bottom and (2) the reduction of the effectiveness of the inner bottom, which is on the tension side of local bending of the double bottom. The obtained results will be utilized in the Part 2 paper to develop a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads.     

0.1N～20N气浮式力标准机的设计分析

0.1N～20N静重式力标准机采用了新型砝码加载机构,实现了砝码的自动、稳定加载。此外,装置采用自行研制的气浮轴承作为支撑,并对气浮轴承进行了性能试验,满足性能要求,成功取代传统的刀口支撑,大大减少了摩擦扭矩,提高了装置的准确度。     

智能网联卡车车队混合流通行能力分析方法

智能网联卡车车队有望成为网联自动驾驶率先应用的场景之一，本文针对智能网联卡车车队混合交通流通行能力开展研究。首先，以智能网联卡车车队、人工驾驶卡车及人工驾驶小汽车构成的随机混合交通流为研究对象，考虑智能网联卡车车队规模空间分布特征，分析混合交通流中10种跟驰行为类型，理论推导其概率表达式，进而构建智能网联卡车车队混合交通流通行能力的通用性分析方法。然后，考虑实际交通流运行中卡车分布的随机性，将智能网联卡车车队混合交通流分为优势流、随机流和劣势流3种态势，以此提升混合交通流通行能力分析方法的普适性。最后，选择实测数据标定的跟驰模型进行案例分析，验证理论分析方法的有效性。研究结果表明：智能网联卡车比例提高或其车队规模增大均有利于3种态势混合交通流中车辆转换系数及相对熵的减小，从而可有效提升混合交通流通行能力。不同智能网联卡车比例条件下，智能网联卡车车队随机分布最优车队规模为2~4辆，同时，优势流、随机流和劣势流3种混合交通流通行能力依次递减。研究结果揭示了智能网联卡车车队混合交通流通行能力提升的内在机理，为未来智能网联卡车车队的运营管理提供方法支撑。     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

Social Networks of Alaska Fishing Communities

Fishing community social networks function as channels for transfer of fishery knowledge, resources, and business transactions that help mitigate risks and shocks associated with altered access to fishery resources. Research on such networks in Alaska is limited despite their cultural importance and community reliance on fisheries. We contribute to scholarship of fishery social networks by assessing Alaska fishing community perspectives of challenges related to fisheries policy and management, and the existing social networks that aid in overcoming these challenges. Our findings show that the greatest challenges fishing communities face pertaining to fishery management are high costs of participating in catch share programs, restricted subsistence fishing activity due to decline in salmon, and complex regulations. Social networks exist for coping with these challenges; fishery information, and resources such as food, fuel and medicines are shared between communities. However, networks for accessing fishery support services are centralized in fewer larger communities and hubs such as Anchorage. Smaller and remote communities are the most compromised in this regard given the distance they must travel to access fishery support services. Leveraging social networks for sharing resources and improving fishery support services in smaller communities will increase their adaptive capacity and ability to maintain participation in Alaska fisheries.     

对东莞市港口吞吐量预测方法的思考

灰色模型因其需要的原始数据较少、精度较高等优点,能满足一般港口货物吞吐量预测的要求。但并不是所有港口货物吞吐量预测都能应用灰色模型而达到理想的预测效果,文中应用东莞市港口货物吞吐量预测的例子闸述这一观点。     

船舶破舱后排水施救能力的确定

建立了船舶破舱瞬时进水量速度的计算模型。考虑不同装载状态下对船舶破口的大小及其位置进行计算，给出了船舶下沉、纵倾后达到新的平衡水线乃至沉没所需的时间及进水量速度的变化规律。提出破舱临界渗透率的概念，明确船舶破舱后进水量速度的变化规律。通过比较、分析船舶破舱进水量速度与船舶排水设备能力的关系，确定船舶抗沉施救能力的可行性。为驾驶员迅速判断船舶破舱后的安全性及如何采取安全、合理的施救措施提供理论依据。