网络技术：政府能力提升的有效工具

政府能力体现为政府作用于社会的有效程度。科学技术的发展对于提升政府能力具有重要的促进重要。网络技术的发展为政府能力提升提供了一个有效工具，它直接推动了各国政府网络化、信息化的改造。本通过网络技术在政府组织、公共决策、政府行为、公务人员四个方面的具体应用来说明之，并提出我国政府网络化、信息化改造的政策建议。     

浅议间歇式沥青搅拌站烘干滚筒的干燥能力

分析了沥青搅拌站烘干滚筒产量的影响因素以及各因素参数的确定原则,结合生产实际,以4000型间歇式沥青搅拌设备为例,探讨了一种沥青搅拌设备烘干加热系统的干燥能力的估算方法,以期为设备采购方提供设备产能评判参考。     

浅谈大断面管节分段式预制工艺

为满足城市日益扩张的需求,现有市政项目如隧道、地下通道、桥梁等项目都向更深、更宽、更大的方向发展,但同时又带来了针对大型预制构件的交通运输压力。为了解决大断面顶管管节的运输问题,创新性地提出了对预制顶管管节进行分段的构想,到达现场后使用UHPC二次浇筑结构连接后用于顶进施工。湿接法作为国内首次运用于管节连接,其分段式管节的生产及施工工艺可供相关专业人员参考。     

Prohibited–permitted right-turn phasing strategy based on capacity analysis of right-turn movements

In traffic-crowded metropolitan areas, such as Shanghai and Beijing in China, right-turn vehicles that operate with a permitted phase at signalized intersections are normally permitted to filter through large numbers of pedestrians and bicycles. To alleviate such conflicts and improve safety, traffic engineers in Shanghai introduced a prohibited–permitted right-turn operation, adding a subphase to the permitted phase in which right-turns are prohibited. Unfortunately, the prohibited subphase would reduce the capacity of right-turn movements when it prohibits right turns even if there are few pedestrians and bicycles crossing the street. This paper aims at quantifying the impact of both non-vehicular flows and the prohibited subphase on the right-turn capacity, and then proposes a strategy to determine appropriate prohibited–permitted right-turn operation that minimizes the capacity reduction caused by the prohibited subphase. To achieve this goal, we improved the pedestrian and bicycle adjustment factor described in the Highway Capacity Manual by taking into account: (1) the variety in space competition between pedestrians and bicycles, and (2) the effect of two conflict zones in each phase on right-turn operation. In addition, we revised the capacity estimation model in the Highway Capacity Manual, and developed a model based on bicycle/pedestrian volume fluctuation to describe the capacity reduction due to both non-vehicular flows and the prohibited subphase. Furthermore, we proposed a timing strategy for the onset and duration of appropriate prohibited subphase. When bicycle and pedestrian volumes are low, the actuated strategy turns to the permitted phase. When these volumes are moderate, the strategy turns to the prohibited–permitted operation. With the volumes increasing, the prohibited subphase onset advances and duration increases. In these two scenarios, the new strategy has higher right-turn capacity than the current pretimed prohibited–permitted operation. Unfortunately, when bicycle and pedestrian volumes are high, the strategy yields similar right-turn capacity. However, the new prohibited subphase has less potential vehicle–bicycle and vehicle–pedestrian conflicts.     

考虑表面粗糙度与轴瓦变形的水润滑轴承动力特性系数计算

本文在传统轴承动力学分析模型的基础上考虑了水润滑轴承轴瓦的刚度、阻尼和轴承质量以及可能存在的接触刚度、阻尼,推导了考虑表面粗糙度和轴瓦变形的扰动压力雷诺方程,对比了混合润滑模型与动力润滑模型、弹流润滑模型的轴承动力特性系数并分析其差异,研究了倾角、粗糙度等参数综合作用下水润滑轴承动力特性系数的变化规律。结果表明,最小膜厚比大于某一阈值时粗糙度增加可提高水膜动力特性系数,轴瓦变形会使动力特性系数减小,同时也会扩大使水膜刚度、阻尼获得增幅的粗糙度范围,但削弱了粗糙度对承载方向刚度、阻尼的增幅效果。此外,在承受载荷一定的条件下,粗糙轴承的动力特性系数在倾角较大时明显小于光滑轴承的对应值。     

Platoons of connected vehicles can double throughput in urban roads

Intersections are the bottlenecks of the urban road system because an intersection’s capacity is only a fraction of the maximum flows that the roads connecting to the intersection can carry. This capacity can be increased if vehicles cross the intersections in platoons rather than one by one as they do today. Platoon formation is enabled by connected vehicle technology. This paper assesses the potential mobility benefits of platooning. It argues that saturation flow rates, and hence intersection capacity, can be doubled or tripled by platooning. The argument is supported by the analysis of three queuing models and by the simulation of a road network with 16 intersections and 73 links. The queuing analysis and the simulations reveal that a signalized network with fixed time control will support an increase in demand by a factor of (say) two or three if all saturation flows are increased by the same factor, with no change in the control. Furthermore, despite the increased demand vehicles will experience the same delay and travel time. The same scaling improvement is achieved when the fixed time control is replaced by the max pressure adaptive control. Part of the capacity increase can alternatively be used to reduce queue lengths and the associated queuing delay by decreasing the cycle time. Impediments to the control of connected vehicles to achieve platooning at intersections appear to be small.     

银昆高速公路湿陷性黄土地基水泥土挤密桩处理试验研究

水泥土挤密桩复合地基的承载力和浸水后的时空变形特征是高速公路湿陷性黄土地基处理的重要研究课题。以银川至昆明高速公路(G85)太阳山开发区至彭阳(宁甘界)段为研究对象,采用现场载荷试验和浸水试验为手段,研究水泥土挤密桩处理后的复合地基承载力和浸水条件下的复合地基变形。研究表明:水泥土挤密桩对黄土地基的承载力改善具有十分显著的作用,随着桩数的增加,复合地基承载力特征值和群桩效应均随之增加;不同深度处的湿陷变形速率曲线规律具有明显的一致性,土体湿陷变形呈现时间早、速度快、变形量大的特点;在浸水试验试坑竖向方向和横向方向的变形分析表明水泥土挤密桩对黄土地层的湿陷变形能够起到良好的控制作用。     

Solving a discrete multimodal transportation network design problem

This paper investigates the multimodal network design problem (MMNDP) that optimizes the auto network expansion scheme and bus network design scheme in an integrated manner. The problem is formulated as a single-level mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC). The decision variables, including the expanded capacity of auto links, the layout of bus routes, the fare levels and the route frequencies, are transformed into multiple sets of binary variables. The layout of transit routes is explicitly modeled using an alternative approach by introducing a set of complementarity constraints. The congestion interaction among different travel modes is captured by an asymmetric multimodal user equilibrium problem (MUE). An active-set algorithm is employed to deal with the MPCC, by sequentially solving a relaxed MMNDP and a scheme updating problem. Numerical tests on nine-node and Sioux Falls networks are performed to demonstrate the proposed model and algorithm.     

现浇箱梁桥桥面板受力分析

为了研究现浇预应力混凝土城市桥梁桥面板的受力、 构造及配筋， 以天水市藉口镇藉河大桥工程的3～35 m现浇预应力混凝土梁为例， 采用Midas Civil程序进行桥面板结构计算， 在此基础上提出常规现浇箱梁桥面板的倒角尺寸。计算结果表明: 城市桥梁车辆荷载轴重较大， 且由于新桥涵通规基本组合对车辆荷载分项系数的提高， 以往的小尺寸倒角桥面板在腹板根部抗剪承载力已显不足， 需增大倒角尺寸以满足桥面板抗剪承载力要求。     

地铁车辆牵引电机异响问题及解决措施

针对某项目车辆牵引电机异响问题,介绍了故障牵引电机的调查过程,初步确认牵引电机异响的原因为牵引电机轴承出现异常;对出现异常的牵引电机轴承进行了调查,发现电机轴承出现电蚀现象;通过对电蚀轴承的进一步调查,初步确认牵引电机轴承轴端电流过大是牵引电机电蚀的原因。为解决牵引电机轴端电流过大的问题,提出了有效的整改措施,并进行了试验验证,取得了良好的效果。