Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

交通网络中动态OD矩阵估计模型研究

动态起点-迄点（OD）矩阵为智能交通系统提供所需的基础数据。为了提高交通网络中动态OD矩阵估计的精度,在最小化路段实际交通量和分配交通量之间差值以及最小化历史OD矩阵和待估计OD矩阵之间差值的基础上,将浮动车采集信息融合到OD矩阵估计过程中;在动态网络加载过程中,OD矩阵估计值如果大于加载车辆数会使网络中的定点问题求解发散。为了避免该情况的发生,基于广义最小二乘模型并引入容量约束,提出1种带不等式约束的动态OD矩阵估计方法。仿真实验表明,该方法对于OD矩阵估计的精度较好,优于带滑动窗的广义最小二乘算法。     

加筋高性能砂浆加固RC梁抗弯性能及承载力计算

为统一中国对加筋高性能砂浆加固RC梁抗弯性能的认识,以中国学者所做95根加筋高性能砂浆加固的钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究为基础,分析加固粱的受力性能和破坏机理,在此基础上考虑一次受力、二次受力、持载程度、加固筋类型、加固筋数量、混凝土强度等级等因素影响,建立加固梁抗弯承载力计算公式、刚度计算公式和裂缝宽度计算公式,并与试验数据进行了对比。结果表明：该加固技术采用高强钢绞线、钢筋网、钢丝网作为受力材料,虽然三者受力性能存在显著差异,但加固构件力学性能和破坏机理相似,可按统一计算公式进行承载力设计;公式计算值与试验结果符合良好,可用于实际工程计算。     

考虑初应力的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力统一解

为了研究钢管初应力对钢管混凝土拱肋极限承载力的影响,针对实际工程中普遍采用的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋,考虑中间主应力、材料拉压比、初应力、初始缺陷、矢跨比和长细比等因素的影响,采用统一强度理论和修正的等效梁柱法,推导出一个新的初应力影响系数的计算公式,并建立其极限承载力的统一解。应用提出的计算公式分别对有、无初应力的哑铃型钢管混凝土拱肋的极限承载力进行计算,并将无初应力拱肋的计算结果与相关文献的试验结果及计算结果进行对比。分析结果表明：所提出的计算公式具有较好的精确度,验证了该计算方法的可行性;研究结果可为工程应用提供参考。     

服役混凝土梁桥承载能力时变模型分析与应用

阐述分析了锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能、混凝土碳化衰减性能、混凝土抗压强度的时变性能、锈蚀钢筋力学性能及不同受力状况等对混凝土梁桥性能退化的影响。通过工程实际和研究,在已有资料的基础上,改进了服役钢筋混凝土梁桥承载能力模型。研究的理论基本上解决了服役混凝土梁桥的承载力评定和预测问题,为旧桥的可靠性评估奠定了基础。最后,通过工程实例的计算,具体说明了梁桥承载力验算的方法以及理论与实际的符合情况。     

预应力组合箱梁抗弯承载能力影响参数分析

为对预应力组合箱梁的设计提供参考,利用简化塑性理论对完全剪力连接的预应力组合梁的抗弯承载力影响参数(混凝土和钢梁强度、预应力筋初始张拉力、预应力筋布筋形式、转向块数量)进行分析。分析结果表明:在截面尺寸受限制时,提高钢梁强度能够有效提高预应力组合梁的抗弯承载力;增加预应力筋的数量可较明显地提高梁体的抗弯承载力;预应力筋采用折线布筋形式时,可提高预应力初始张拉值,以提高预应力组合梁的弹性承载力;转向块布置数量越多,预应力增量越大,二次效应影响越小,预应力组合梁抗弯承载力越高。     

昔格达组地层承载力综合试验研究

昔格达组地层是西南地区覆盖在早第三系之上,成韵律互层的一套静水河湖相沉积地层。选定三个典型昔格达分布地区开展对比试验研究,进行了一系列原位土工试验,即平板载荷试验、标准贯入试验,以及室内单轴抗压试验和常规土工试验,分析研究不同方法确定西南地区半成岩的昔格达组地层地基承载力特征值之间的关系,结合试验结果提出确定昔格达组地层承载力特征值的范围值,为今后工程建设提供设计依据。     

The impact of scale on energy intensity in freight transportation

This paper analyzes energy intensities of ships, diesel–fuelled railways, trucks, and aircraft, using publicly available data. The analysis suggests that differences in operation, not technology, explain most of the variation in energy intensity within and across modes. Among the operational characteristics, most important is the amount of cargo weight transported per vehicle and therefore the scale of the respective transportation system. It is found that each mode has a characteristic envelope in an average energy intensity versus average cargo weight diagram, and estimates of the elasticities of energy intensity with respect to load size are made.     

CAD和Midas/Civil用于异形结构杆板单元混合建模设计

以牵索挂篮底篮承重拱桁架为例,重点介绍了利用CAD和Midas/Civil完成异形结构杆板单元的混合建模,实现临时结构优化的实施案例过程,以期为类似临时结构优化设计提供一种思路.     

呼和浩特市某平面交叉口的通行能力研究与优化设计

根据鄂尔多斯大街和呼伦贝尔南路交叉口的高峰小时交通量及平均车头时距等实地调查数据,计算出该交叉口的通行能力,通过分析各车道饱和度,得出早期交叉口的设计规划不能适应目前汽车增长速度的结论,找出交叉口拥挤堵塞的原因,对交叉口进行合理的优化设计,提出提高通行能力和运行效率的改善方法、减少或消除冲突点的方案,并提出交通渠化、增拓整改机动车道及加强管理等提高通行能力的对策。