大型组合式挡泥板固定支架多方案的模拟研究

建立大型组合式挡泥板固定支架系统动力学仿真模型,对其进行三种工况下的动力学仿真分析,计算出各固定点所受载荷,并将其输入到挡泥板固定支架有限元模型进行模态、强度、刚度分析。通过多方案对比分析,并结合工程应用经验,确定正式方案。     

The dynamic study of locomotives under saturated adhesion

In order to study the dynamic behaviours of locomotives under saturated adhesion, the stability and characteristics of stick–slip vibration are analysed using the concepts of mean and dynamic slip rates. The longitudinal vibration phenomenon of the wheelset when stick–slip occurs is put forward and its formation mechanism is made clear innovatively. The stick–slip vibration is a dynamic process between the stick and the slip states. The decreasing of mean and dynamic slip rates is conducive to its stability, which depends on the W/R adhesion damping. The torsion vibration of the driving system and the longitudinal vibration of the wheelset are coupled through the longitudinal tangential force when the wheelset alternates between the stick and the slip states. The longitudinal oscillation frequencies of the wheelset are integral multiples of the natural frequency of torsion vibration of the driving system. A train dynamic model integrated with an electromechanical and a control system is established to simulate the stick–slip vibration phenomenon under saturated adhesion to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that increases of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are beneficial to the stick–slip vibration stability and the locomotive's traction ability. The optimised matching of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are helpful to avoid longitudinal resonance when the stick–slip vibration occurs.     

Design of a feedback-feedforward steering controller for accurate path tracking and stability at the limits of handling

This paper presents a feedback-feedforward steering controller that simultaneously maintains vehicle stability at the limits of handling while minimising lateral path tracking deviation. The design begins by considering the performance of a baseline controller with a lookahead feedback scheme and a feedforward algorithm based on a nonlinear vehicle handling diagram. While this initial design exhibits desirable stability properties at the limits of handling, the steady-state path deviation increases significantly at highway speeds. Results from both linear and nonlinear analyses indicate that lateral path tracking deviations are minimised when vehicle sideslip is held tangent to the desired path at all times. Analytical results show that directly incorporating this sideslip tangency condition into the steering feedback dramatically improves lateral path tracking, but at the expense of poor closed-loop stability margins. However, incorporating the desired sideslip behaviour into the feedforward loop creates a robust steering controller capable of accurate path tracking and oversteer correction at the physical limits of tyre friction. Experimental data collected from an Audi TTS test vehicle driving at the handling limits on a full length race circuit demonstrates the improved performance of the final controller design.     

Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose

Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions.     

采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型预测古树屋边坡变形

基于预测拟合值和实际监测值的相对误差划分不同的预测状态,利用马尔可夫链对灰色GM(1,1)预测值进行修正,计算得到边坡变形的范围和相应的预测值。以古树屋开挖边坡为研究对象,利用耦合模型对其变形进行预测,得到边坡的变形预测值为57.006 0 mm,预测的变形范围大小在56.845 8～61.755 4 mm之间。实例分析结果表明:与线性回归模型以及单纯灰色模型预测结果比较,采用灰色-马尔可夫耦合模型对开挖边坡变形进行预测的结果精度较好,且能较准确地预测边坡变形大小的范围。     

单泵多马达液压行走系统同步方式与动力学研究

基于地面力学理论和液压传动理论,对采用不同同步方式的单泵多马达液压行走系统的动力学问题进行了研究。建立了行走系统的动力学模型,对比了行走系统的牵引力、速度和传动效率。结果表明:在单泵多马达液压行走系统同步方式中,电子防滑技术的性能优于同步分流和自有分流技术。     

6S50MC船用柴油机活塞头强度分析

对6S50MC柴油机的活塞头进行三维建模和网格划分,仿真得到活塞头的温度场,并对活塞头进行热分析、机械分析和耦合场作用下的强度分析。计算活塞头的温度场分布,分析活塞头在不同负荷作用下的强度。计算得出活塞头在热负荷作用下的最大应力和最大变形符合设计要求。应力集中和变形主要是由热负荷引起的,为了减少热负荷的破坏作用,应该对活塞头加强冷却和改进结构设计。     

鱼雷海水管路的流体力学分析

管路系统的辐射噪声在军事上已成为衡量现代鱼雷总体先进程度的重要标志之一。针对鱼雷海水管路脉动压力大、引发辐射噪声显著的特点,本文利用流体力学(CFD)软件进行分析,得出流体速度与管壁压力随入口流量的变化规律,总结了引起脉动压力变化的原因。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明:管路设计中应避免使用弯管,减小压力脉动。     

斜拉桥索梁耦合振动研究

研究了斜拉桥发生索梁耦合共振的机理与条件,充分考虑了拉索振动的几何非线性、垂度与桥面刚度的影响,建立了索梁耦合振动的数值计算模型.计算结果表明,拉索发生大幅振动与斜拉桥主梁的刚度以及拉索本身的振动特性有关,拉索可能在主梁振动的作用下发生1∶1的主共振或2∶1的主参数共振.根据计算结果讨论了这两种共振的性质,提出了抑制索梁耦合共振的方法.