船用燃气轮机盘-叶耦合系统固有振动特性研究

随着船用燃气轮机的转子轮盘不断向轻、薄的方向优化,只考虑根部固支下叶片的振动已不再能满足安全需求,将轮盘—叶片作为一个耦合系统来研究其振动特性是十分必要的。而且转子在高温高转速下工作,为了准确求解耦合系统的振动特性,不可忽视温度、转速对振动的影响。文章建立了船用燃气轮机转子盘—叶模型,应用有限元程序和循环对称结构算法,从实际工况角度出发,计算不同旋转、不同温度及其变化率下耦合系统的固有振动特性。归纳出温度、转速与盘—叶耦合系统固有振动特性间的关系,为预防船用燃气轮机转子出现耦合共振危险及可靠性计算提供了数值依据。     

乘用车操稳转向性能指标分解技术应用研究

车辆动力学性能开发包括性能目标设定、目标分解、优化设计、底盘调校,逐渐向目标达成逼近,开发结束后实现目标达成。性能目标分解即指标分解,用简单有物理意义的理论公式关联整车指标与总成指标,将整车的客观性能指标分解至系统特性,是整车性能目标达成的关键环节,在性能开发中承上启下,是各主机厂的核心技术。性能指标分解正常在车辆开发初期,用于指标分解的模型应采用尽可能少的建模参数,建模分析迅速且模型能明确表达系统参数对整车性能的影响规律。ADAMS或CarSim模型,由于模型结构过于复杂,不适用于车辆性能的指标分解。本文建立了用于性能指标分解的模型,并基于此模型研究底盘动力学操稳转向性能指标的分解及应用方法,为车辆动力学性能开发工作提供理论指导。     

新型干树半潜平台系泊系统的时域耦合分析

我国海洋油气开发正逐步从近海浅水区域不断往远海深水区域发展。随着水深的增加,传统的以锚链为材料,以自重为回复力的悬链线式系泊系统已经不再适用。世界上超深水浮式生产平台基本上都采用张紧式系泊系统,并且中间段采用超轻的聚酯缆材料以降低其施加在平台上的荷载。基于1500米超深水的中国南海环境,开发了一种运动性能良好的新型干树半潜平台。新型平台的系泊系统采用张紧式锚链-聚酯缆-锚链形式。根据平台尺度和环境条件,对系泊系统进行了布置和设计。通过时域耦合方法对系泊系统进行了数值分析,分析结果表明系泊系统强度满足规范和设计要求。     

Spar平台垂荡一纵摇耦合运动的不稳定性

研究了深水Spar平台垂荡—纵摇耦合不稳定运动的形式和条件。以经典Spar平台为例,基于垂荡包络线概念,分析了平台垂荡—纵摇耦合运动的相互放大效应及"舞动"运动。结果表明,当垂荡包络线周期与纵摇固有周期相等时,纵摇运动失稳;因纵摇对垂荡的耦合影响,垂荡幅值不断增大,同时垂荡运动的变化又影响纵摇运动,使得纵摇幅值小幅度增加,平台运动存在相互放大效应。纵摇失稳后,Spar平台将处在一种奇特的"舞动"运动形式。     

On the morphological long-term development of dumped material in a low-energetic environment close to the German Baltic coast

The development of the bed bathymetry of an experimental dumping area was followed over three-and-a-half years by means of multibeam echosounder techniques. Two types of material were discharged in the bight of Mecklenburg in the Baltic Sea in approximately 20 m of water depth. One set of the discharges was 2900 m³ of glacial till and the other set was a 2400 m³ mixture of glacial till, sand and minor amounts of cohesive matter. Only approximately 2500 m³ (86%) of the glacial till and 1500 m³ (63%) of the mixed soil materials were deposited on the seabed. This means that already during the dumping process a considerable part of the sediment material drifted away. The glacial till formed crater-like rings of 30 m diameter with peaks up to 1.4 m above seabed, whereas the spatial structure of the mixed soil material was somewhat more diffuse, but with similar magnitudes in the peaks and troughs.The morphological changes were small and their quantification required a high measuring precision in the order of few cm in the vertical. The dominant processes of surface deformation was flattening of peaks and filling of troughs. The speed of this process decreased with horizontal scale: structures of less than 4 m horizontal extension had a trend to disappear within less than five years, whereas structures of larger than 8 m extension showed little change and are estimated to remain detectable for many decades. In contrast to the reworking of the matter inside the dumping structures, no net transport of material out of the dumping area could be detected. Extrapolating the observed morphological changes into the future it is estimated that without significant decrease in internal shear strength of the disposed till the structures will persist for at least 70 years. This can be attributed to the high internal stability of the dumped glacial till and the low hydrodynamic forces present at the seabed in this region.     

Fault detection and isolation for a full-scale railway vehicle suspension with multiple Kalman filters

Reliability and dependability in complex mechanical systems can be improved by fault detection and isolation (FDI) methods. These techniques are key elements for maintenance on demand, which could decrease service cost and time significantly. This paper addresses FDI for a railway vehicle: the mechanical model is described as a multibody system, which is excited randomly due to track irregularities. Various parameters, like masses, spring- and damper-characteristics, influence the dynamics of the vehicle. Often, the exact values of the parameters are unknown and might even change over time. Some of these changes are considered critical with respect to the operation of the system and they require immediate maintenance. The aim of this work is to detect faults in the suspension system of the vehicle. A Kalman filter is used in order to estimate the states. To detect and isolate faults the detection error is minimised with multiple Kalman filters. A full-scale train model with nonlinear wheel/rail contact serves as an example for the described techniques. Numerical results for different test cases are presented. The analysis shows that for the given system it is possible not only to detect a failure of the suspension system from the system's dynamic response, but also to distinguish clearly between different possible causes for the changes in the dynamical behaviour.     

发动机曲轴轴系多柔体动力学仿真及应力应变分析

将多柔体动力学方法引入到曲轴计算中,并结合有限元分析技术,使用UG（Unigraphic）和ADAMS（Automatic Dy-namic Analysis of Mechanical Systems）建立了发动机曲轴轴系的动力学仿真模型;对曲轴轴系进行刚柔耦合多体运动学和动力学仿真,得到发动机在一个发火周期内的曲柄销法向力和切向力等动态载荷,为下一步机体振动噪音特性研究提供可靠的边界条件;并从曲轴所受的载荷中找出3个载荷比较大的时刻,计算得到了其相应时刻的应力和应变分布规律,找出了曲轴受力的危险部位,为曲轴的动态疲劳分析提供数据,为曲轴的优化设计提供参考.     

Simulations of pollutant dispersion at toll plazas using three-dimensional CFD models

Toll plazas are particularly susceptible to build-ups of vehicle-emitted pollutants because vehicles pass through in low gear. To look at this, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations of pollutant dispersion are used on the standard k − ε turbulence model. The effects of wind speed, wind direction and topography on pollutant dispersion were discussed. The Wuzhuang toll plaza on the Hefei-Nanjing expressway is considered, and the effects of the retaining walls along both sides of the plaza on pollutant dispersion is analysed. There are greater pollutant concentrations near the tollbooths as the angle between the direction of the wind and traffic increases implying that retaining walls impede dispersion. The slope of the walls has little influence on the variations in pollutant concentration.     

车桥耦合模型研究

文章推导了简支梁桥在移动荷载、移动刚体和弹簧质量块三种简化车辆模型作用下的车辆-桥梁系统振动微分方程,编制了基于龙格-库塔法的车桥耦合分析程序,并结合算例比较分析了简支梁桥在三种不同车辆简化模型作用下的动力响应。     

船舶紧急制动新方法

本文基于增加船体或附体阻力进行紧急停船的方式,提出一种将船舶艉封板处艉封板落入水中的新型船舶紧急制动方法。本文基于STAR-CCM+,运用平均雷诺数方程和Realizable k-ε湍流模型,对船舶采用提出的制动方法制动时的阻力进行预报。并与传统的制动方法预报阻力进行比较发现,本文提出的新型船舶制动方法合理、有效,并具有较强的工程研究意义。