中速船用柴油机喷油泵顶杆机构导筒裂纹分析

利用虚拟样机技术建立某型中速柴油机喷油泵顶杆机构的虚拟样机模型,对模型进行仿真分析,得到喷油泵顶杆机构导筒动态载荷.对喷油泵顶杆机构的导筒进行有限元建模,根据侧推力选取危险工况后进行结构强度分析,并根据强度分析结果进行疲劳分析.通过分析得到以下结论:导筒与滚轮导筒间隙增大造成导筒侧向载荷增大,最终导致导筒疲劳断裂.     

Influence of composition,amount and life span of passenger cars on end-of-life vehicles waste in Belgium: A system dynamics approach

The increasing worldwide production of passenger cars depletes natural resources and increases the number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) to be processed. Lack of landfill capacity and a growing scarcity of natural resources have lead to severe ELV reuse and recovery targets in the European Union (EU). This paper examines the main influencing parameters affecting the amount and composition of ELV waste originating from passenger cars to be treated in Authorized Treatment Facilities (ATFs). Moreover the effect of a changing number, composition and life span of passenger cars on the ability to meet the ambitious EU ELV Directive 2000/53/EC targets in 2015 is examined for Belgium. Using system dynamics, the aforementioned changing parameters are studied from 1990 and projected to 2030. The model results show that the total annual weight of ELV waste to be reused and recycled in Belgium is expected to grow over the coming years despite the economic downturn of 2008 and its effect on GDP growth. Moreover it shows that Belgium can sustainably achieve the ambitious EU ELV Directive 2000/53/EC targets in 2015 and thereafter if it continues to invest in waste treatment of ELV plastics. The availability of higher amounts of ELV plastics proves to be favourable to trigger investments in their reusing and recycling. We demonstrate that this can be realized by reducing export of discarded passenger cars, shortening the life span of passenger cars or shortening the time for investing in additional plastic recovery.     

S-175集装箱船舶波浪载荷的船模试验与线性切片理论计算的比较

本文就日本S-175集装箱船舶的波浪载荷进行了船模试验与线性切片理论计算的比较,发现线性切片理论对于波浪载荷沿船长的纵向分布以及中拱与中垂的不同分量都与试验值存在着相当大的差异,仅纵向运动较为满意;揭示了对于在高浪级下快速舰船的波浪载荷,特别是砰击载荷应致力于开展非线性理论和试验研究。     

CD08-475型道岔捣固车的动力学性能

通过动力学性能试验,对捣固车的动力学性能进行了分析,并指出了不足和改进建议     

不同驱动系统下纯电动汽车关键性能对比研究

为比较纯电动汽车不同驱动系统的关键性能,基于同一整车参数和某公司提供的可变绕组永磁同步电机试验数据,对纯电动汽车电机驱动系统开展了相关研究。基于精英保留遗传算法和动态规划理论,对单挡、两挡电控机械式自动变速器驱动系统的速比进行了设计优化。采用了精英保留遗传算法和动态规划理论对系统速比进行设计优化,并对可变绕组永磁同步电机绕组切换过程进行了动力性和经济性设计。仿真结果表明,在动力性上,两挡自动变速器驱动系统的加速性能最优;在经济性上,可变绕组永磁同步电机驱动系统的百公里能耗最小,单挡自动变速器驱动系统的动力性和经济性表现最不理想。     

On nonlinear ship waves and wave resistance calculations

A finite difference method based on the Euler equations is developed for computing ship waves and wave resistances. Time marching is carried out using a time-splitting fractional-step method. The second-order central difference is used to discretize the spatial differentials, while the convection terms are discretized by the QUICK scheme. A body- and free-surface-fitted grid system with a cell-centered stencil is used. A Poisson equation for the pressure increment at each time step is solved to enforce mass conservation. The method is validated by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data for a Wigley parabolic hull. The characteristics of ship waves, such as the wave profile along the hull, the wave pattern on the free surface, the pressure distribution on the hull surface, and the wave-making resistance are reasonably predicted. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Received for publication on Oct. 13, 1998; accepted on Jan. 20, 1999     

基于SD的既有线施工安全管理 多目标决策分析

针对既有线施工风险事故高发,进度难以顺利开展的现状问题,提出一种基于SD的既有线施工多目标决策分析方法。在实践基础上对既有线施工关键问题安全和进度进行识别,并构建多目标管理系统结构框图;在此基础上确定模型边界和子系统,通过劳动力数量、操作水平和返工率等要素深入反映系统目标之间的相互影响关系并构建因果关系图;结合案例进行模型仿真,对不同行为模式和不同天窗兑现率下的系统变化趋势进行对比分析,提出系统满意解和不同系统目标下的优化策略,结果表明,天窗兑现率对既有线施工违章和风险水平影响较大,为既有线施工安全管理提供了政策支持和参考。     

HXD1型电力机车转向架设计的探讨

为了提升我国重载牵引机车转向架的设计水平,采用多刚体动力学软件SIMPACK建立了2B0轴式HXDl型大功率交流传动电力机车动力学模型.通过比较二系悬挂纵向和横向布置方式、二系横向减振器布置位置、车体质心垂向距离和转动惯量的机车动力学性能以及牵引点高度对粘着利用率的影响.结果说明HXDI型大功率交流传动电力机车转向架设计采用二系悬挂横向布置的方式,可以减小二系簧最大横向变形量;二系横向减振器布置在端梁处,可以降低轮轴横向力;牵引杆倾斜布置可以获得较高的粘着利用率;降低车体质心高度对机车曲线通过性能略有利;增加车体长度和转动惯量,可以显著改善机车平稳性指标.     

2种铁路缓和曲线线型力学性能对比分析

基于行驶动力学理论,推导出考虑列车加减速行驶的车体侧向加速度时变率计算公式.针对三次抛物线型和半波正弦型2种线型的铁路缓和曲线,通过理论计算并与仿真计算结果进行对比,分析5种不同工况下缓和曲线上车体侧向加速度时变率的变化情况.结果表明:给出的考虑列车加减速行驶的曲线上车体侧向加速度时变率计算公式可用于不同缓和曲线线型的比选;在三次抛物线型缓和曲线上的4个连接点处,车体侧向加速度时变率有突变值,而半波正弦型的缓和曲线没有突变值,因此半波正弦型缓和曲线对提高旅客乘坐舒适度比三次抛物线型缓和曲线更具有优势.