采用独立车轮的直线电机轨道车辆的动力学分析

建立采用独立车轮的直线电机轨道车辆的动力学计算模型,采用符合直线感应电机驱动车辆特点和独立车轮特点的一系、二系悬挂设计,并对直线电机悬挂、独立车轮等关键部件进行了分析。在此基础上运用Simpack多体动力学仿真软件分析了该计算模型的曲线通过性能及运行平稳性等动力学性能。     

System dynamics of urban traffic based on its parking-related-states

The urban parking and the urban traffic systems are essential components of the overall urban transportation structure. The short-term interactions between these two systems can be highly significant and influential to their individual performance. The urban parking system, for example, can affect the searching-for-parking traffic, influencing not only overall travel speeds in the network (traffic performance), but also total driven distance (environmental conditions). In turn, the traffic performance can also affect the time drivers spend searching for parking, and ultimately, parking usage. In this study, we propose a methodology to model macroscopically such interactions and evaluate their effects on urban congestion.The model is built on a matrix describing how, over time, vehicles in an urban area transition from one parking-related state to another. With this model it is possible to estimate, based on the traffic and parking demand as well as the parking supply, the amount of vehicles searching for parking, the amount of vehicles driving on the network but not searching for parking, and the amount of vehicles parked at any given time. More importantly, it is also possible to estimate the total (or average) time spent and distance driven within each of these states. Based on that, the model can be used to design and evaluate different parking policies, to improve (or optimize) the performance of both systems.A simple numerical example is provided to show possible applications of this type. Parking policies such as increasing parking supply or shortening the maximum parking duration allowed (i.e., time controls) are tested, and their effects on traffic are estimated. The preliminary results show that time control policies can alleviate the parking-caused traffic issues without the need for providing additional parking facilities. Results also show that parking policies that intend to reduce traffic delay may, at the same time, increase the driven distance and cause negative externalities. Hence, caution must be exercised and multiple traffic metrics should be evaluated before selecting these policies.Overall, this paper shows how the system dynamics of urban traffic, based on its parking-related-states, can be used to efficiently evaluate the urban traffic and parking systems macroscopically. The proposed model can be used to estimate both, how parking availability can affect traffic performance (e.g., average time searching for parking, number of cars searching for parking); and how different traffic conditions (e.g., travel speed, density in the system) can affect drivers ability to find parking. Moreover, the proposed model can be used to study multiple strategies or scenarios for traffic operations and control, transportation planning, land use planning, or parking management and operations.     

潮动力影响下辐射沙脊群的研究进展*

从形态、形成时间、生成机制、粒径分布和物质来源、沙洲演变和水道稳定性等方面简述潮动力影响下辐射沙脊群的研究进展。上千年前因泥沙进入辐射状潮流场而形成了体积庞大、呈辐射状分布的沙脊群。在复杂的潮动力作用下,辐射沙脊群呈现外部冲刷、中心淤积,各潮汐汊道趋于稳定的演化特点。提出今后可以将地质研究和水动力研究相结合,在潮流场模拟中加入泥沙模块,运用长周期数值模拟技术重现辐射沙脊群形成和演变的全过程,以弥补现有研究的诸多不足。     

25T型软卧车结构随机振动精细分析

利用随机振动高效算法与振型分解法相结合的车辆随机振动仿真系统,建立25T型软卧车包括车体、构架、轮对及弹簧阻尼元件在内的整车动力学精细模型,以美国AAR标准提供的六级轨道谱为动载荷,完成了该车结构的随机振动仿真计算,动力学方程数约20万个,得到较为详细的车辆结构随机振动响应,并讨论了轮轨不平顺造成激振能量的衰减过程.     

基于碰撞性能的转向柱结构优化设计

在汽车正面碰撞过程中,驾驶员容易受到转向柱的伤害,具有良好碰撞性能的转向柱对保护驾驶员的安全极其重要.针对这个问题,以微型轿车转向柱为研究对象,根据显式动力学有限元理论,建立转向柱碰撞有限元模型,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,基于碰撞性能,对转向柱的结构进行优化设计,并对不同结构的转向柱在碰撞过程中的变形形态,运动位移、速度以及吸能量进行对比分析.结果显示:截面形状为圆形的转向柱在碰撞过程中的变形形态,运动位移、速度和吸能量等方面的碰撞性能均优于截面形状为正方形和六边形的转向柱,且适当增加管柱壁厚有利于改善转向柱的碰撞性能.仿真结果表明,提出的数值模拟方法为转向柱的优化设计和碰撞性能的改善提供了一条新的途径.     

Numerical study on flow-induced noise for a steam stop-valve using large eddy simulation

The noise induced by the fluctuant saturated steam flow under 250 °C in a stop-valve was numerically studied.The simulation was carried out using computational fluid dynamics（CFD） and ACTRAN.The acoustic field was investigated with Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy based on the properties of the flow field obtained using a large-eddy simulation that employs the LES-WALE dynamic model as the sub-grid-scale model.Firstly,the validation of mesh was well conducted,illustrating that two million elements were sufficient in this situation.Secondly,the treatment of the steam was deliberated,and conclusions indicate that when predicting the flow-induced noise of the stop-valve,the steam can be treated as incompressible gas at a low inlet velocity.Thirdly,the flow-induced noises under different inlet velocities were compared.The findings reveal it has remarkable influence on the flow-induced noises.Lastly,whether or not the heat preservation of the wall has influence on the noise was taken into account.The results show that heat preservation of the wall had little influence.     

新型多筒式FDPSO概念设计及其系泊系统分析

为研究新型多筒式浮式钻井生产储卸油轮（FDPSO）的系泊系统及其动力响应特性,评估其系泊系统的疲劳性能,针对新型FDPSO的总体布置,以中国南海1 000 m水深为背景,设计新型储油装置的系泊系统,研究系泊点和导缆孔、系泊缆布置及系缆的结构形式。考虑腐蚀和南海风浪条件,计算系泊系统的动态响应,校核系泊系统的强度,计算系泊状态FDPSO的运动响应和系缆张力。考虑南海西沙波浪分布,采用S-N曲线以及Miner线性累计损伤理论,并采用雨流计数方法,对系泊系统进行疲劳分析。结果表明,设计的多筒式FDPSO的系泊系统能够满足作业定位的要求,可以抵御百年一遇的风浪作用,疲劳寿命大于设计寿命的3倍。     

新型微型管道机器人结构设计及其运动可行性分析

针对现有微型管道机器人多为结构复杂,应用领域较窄等现状,力求以结构简单、设计方便的机构来实现复杂运动为设计主线,综合蠕动式管道机器人适应性强,张紧式机器人运行平稳等优点,以及目前逐步成熟的功重比高的微型电机技术,设计了一种新型的微型步进电机驱动的蠕动-张紧式微型管道机器人。并对管道机器人进行了运动学和动力学分析以及虚拟样机仿真,验证了其运动可行性。     

Analysis of damping performance of isolated rubber floating slabEI北大核心

Research purposes: The basic component of the track structure with isolated rubber floating slab is the concrete slab track born by the elastic element. The research was done on the mechanical properties of the floating slab, the analysis was made for the natural frequencies, mechanical response under dynamic load and damping performance, and the discussion was made on the reasonable thickness of the ballastless track to provide the reference to the track design. Research conclusions: The research results show that the natural frequency of the track system decreases with the increase of the thickness of the ballastless track, and the rate of change decreases with increase of the track thickness. The acceleration insertion loss of the track basis increases with the increase of the thickness of the ballastless track, and the rate of change decreases with increase of the track thickness. When the thickness of the ballastless track reaches at 0.4 m, the corresponding dynamic performance, the damping performance effect and the concrete amount of track bed are rather economical. From the present theoretical analysis and online testing, it can be seen the damping performance effect of the isolated rubber floating slab system is obvious, and its construction and maintenance programs are systematic.     

Integrated Agent-based and System Dynamics Modelling for Simulation of Sustainable Mobility

In this article, a conceptual framework for a comprehensive evaluation of the diffusion process of alternative fuel vehicles is introduced. The framework takes into account the most influencing stakeholders, including car manufacturers, car dealers, consumers, energy supply system, fuel stations and government. The underlying mathematical models of different stakeholders are then integrated in one model of the whole energy and transport system. The hybrid modelling framework links the two powerful dynamic simulation approaches of system dynamics (SD) and agent-based (AB) modelling. Integrated modelling structure gives the potential of building more accurate and computationally efficient models for simulating the transition to sustainable mobility. We specify the integration process and the most important linking variables between various energy and transport components. Then the application of the integrated model is explained through a test case and, finally, the applicability of the hybrid AB and SD approach and its potential contribution to the models of transition to sustainable mobility will be concluded.