Multiphysic modelling of railway vehicles equipped with pneumatic suspensions

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow–pipe–tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed.     

Large motion mountain biking dynamics

A bond graph model of a mountain bike and rider is created to develop baseline predictions for the performance of mountain bikes during large excursion maneuvers such as drops, jumps, crashes and rough terrain riding. The model assumes planar dynamics, a hard-tail (front suspension only) bicycle and a rider fixed to the bicycle. An algorithm is developed to allow tracking of a virtual tire-ground contact point for events that separate the wheels from the ground. This model would be most applicable to novice mountain bikers who maintain a nearly rigid relationship between their body and the bicycle as opposed to experienced riders who are versed in controlling the bicycle independent of the body. Simulations of a steep drop are performed for various initial conditions to qualitatively validate the predictions of the model. Results from this model are to be compared to experimental data and more complex models in later research, particularly models including a separate rider. The overarching goals of the research are to examine and understand the dynamics and control of interactions between a cyclist and mountain bike. Specific goals are to understand the improvement in performance afforded by an experienced rider, to hypothesize human control algorithms that allow riders to perform manoeuvres well and safely, to predict structural bike and body forces from these maneuvers and to quantify performance differences between hard-tail and full suspension bicycles.     

The characteristic velocity stability indicator for passenger cars

Driver assistance systems have received increased attention as market demands have pushed for improved automotive safety. These systems are designed to aid the driver by preventing any unstable or unpredictable vehicle behaviour. One global indicator for stability and driving conditions could help to manage the control algorithms and driver warning subroutines. Another problem which could be solved by a precise driving situation indicator is evaluating new vehicles during test drives. After a short introduction to a linear lateral vehicle model, an analytical approach for an online calculation of different driving conditions (i.e., stability, understeering, oversteering, and neutralsteering) is given. A characteristic velocity stability indicator is defined, which allows online computation of the present driving condition. Results are then checked against real measurements of a test vehicle.     

根据车轮抬升量评判车辆脱轨的方法与准则

分析比较了目前国际上常用的车辆脱轨评价标准的特点及其不足，指出我国现行国家标准GB5599-85评判车辆脱轨所存在的突出问题，在此基础上提出直接根据车轮抬升量评判脱轨的原理与方法，运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，对单轮对爬轨脱轨和跳轨脱轨过程进行了计算仿真，得出脱轨系数超限时间与车轮抬升量之间的关系，提出最大允许超限时间为35ms的安全准则，并进行了实际线路工况下整车轮轨相互作用脱轨仿真验证，最后提出针对我国车辆脱轨评判的建议标准及其实施细则。     

PACDIN statement of methods

PAntograph–Catenary Dynamic Interaction (PACDIN) is a code developed by the vehicle technology research centre (CITV) of the Universitat Politècnica de València in collaboration with the railway company Talgo S.L. The model of the catenary is a finite element model using absolute nodal coordinates. It is based on a general formulation that can be applied for analysing a wide range of catenary configurations, including stitch wire, transitions or non-straight path tracks. The formulation is fully non-linear and includes large deformations, dropper slackening and contact interaction. The model is linearised when deformations are small, as in the case of the benchmark dynamic analysis. The results of the PACDIN code show a good agreement with the average results of other benchmark codes.     

PantoCat statement of method

The pantograph–catenary dynamic interaction analysis program (PantoCat) addresses the need for a dynamic analysis code able to analyse models of the complete overhead energy collecting systems that include all mechanical details of the pantographs and the complete topology and structural details of the catenary. PantoCat is a code based on the finite element method, for the catenary, and multibody dynamics methods, for the pantograph, integrated via a co-simulation procedure. A contact model based on a penalty formulation is selected to represent the pantograph–catenary interaction. PantoCat enables models of catenaries with multiple sections, including their overlap, the operation of multiple pantographs and the use of any complex loading of the catenary or pantograph mechanical elements including aerodynamic effects. The models of the pantograph and catenary are fully spatial being simulated in tangential or curved tracks, with or without irregularities and perturbations. User-friendly interfaces facilitate the construction of the models while the post-processing facilities provide all quantities of interest of the system response according to the norms and industrial requirements.     

柴油机燃油喷射系统流体动力学研究进展

针对柴油机燃油喷射系统的流体动力学问题,从影响模拟精度的角度出发,分别对燃油黏性、空化、燃油的变物性和流体-结构耦合等方面进行了综述,旨在为今后更加深入的研究提供参考。概述了柴油机燃油喷射系统流体动力学研究的发展现状,提出了未来发展的方向:开展高压油泵柱塞腔、喷油器控制腔和蓄压腔等腔体内燃油的高维流体动力学分析;考虑流体内部及流体-结构耦合传热引起的温度场变化;考虑燃油物性随温度和压力的变化及变化率;对喷射系统建立流-固-热强耦合瞬态分析模型,分析水击压力、管道振动及泄漏问题;继续进行燃油的高温高压特性测试。     

某6X4重型牵引车的性能计算

本文对车辆动力性以及燃油经济性理论计算进行了研究,并在理论计算的基础上,运用 MATLAB 程序模拟计算某6×4重型牵引车动力性和燃油经济性,通过道路试验数据对比,最终验证了计算的准确性。     

土地科学研究可持续发展模型的探讨——基于系统动力学分析

针对目前土地科学研究中部门间相互封闭、理论与实践脱节的不可持续现状,根据土地科学研究自身特点,构建了土地科学研究的三部门框架,解析了土地科学可持续发展的因果关系,运用系统动力学理论进行系统分析与构建,构造出系统动力学模型。通过本文研究得出,土地科学研究可持续发展系统的动力源自实践中的问题与矛盾,传输渠道畅通是系统持续运行最重要的决策点,模型由此实现土地科学领域的理论与实践研究的统一,通过系统的循环运作,促使土地科学研究过程产生可持续运行机制,系统可持续发展功能臻于完善,有效地解决现行土地科学研究中的不可持续现状。     

我国航空旅客运输需求预测——基于计量经济学与系统动力学组合模型

航空运输需求预测是民航发展规划和决策的前提,预测结果的精度会对民航的发展产生重要的影响.基于系统动力学原理构建了民航客运需求系统的因果关系图,分析了各因素间的因果关系,在此基础上,建立了航空客运需求的系统动力学模型,并引入了计量经济学来建立模型的数学方程.然后,对模型进行了有效性检验,结果显示建立的模型可以较好地反映民航客运的实际需求,证明了模型的有效性.最后,应用该模型对我国未来几年的航空客运需求进行了预测,并对比了不同的预测情景,结果显示经济水平对航空客运需求影响显著,宽松的人口政策在一定程度上会降低航空客运需求.