Verification of a simplified analytical method for predictions of ship groundings over large contact surfaces by numerical simulations

In this paper, a verification is presented of a simplified analytical method for the predictions from numerical simulations of structural performance during ship groundings over seabed obstacles with large contact surfaces and trapezoidal cross-section. This simplified analytical method was developed by Lin Hong and Jørgen Amdahl and calculates grounding characteristics, such as resistance and distortion energy, for double-bottomed ships in shoal grounding accidents. Two finite-element models are presented. One was built for a hold, and the other was built for a hold and a ship hull girder and also considers sectional properties, ship mass, added mass and the hydrodynamic restoring force. The verification was completed by comparing horizontal and vertical resistances and the distortion energy between seven numerical-simulation cases and a set of corresponding cases computed by a simplified analytical method. The results show that the resistances obtained by the simplified analytical method are close to the mean values of the resistance curves obtained by numerical simulations. The comparisons prove that the energy dissipation-prediction capability of the simplified analytical method is valuable. Thus, the simplified analytical method is feasible for assessing ship groundings over seabed obstacles with large contact surfaces and trapezoidal cross-section. Furthermore, studies of the influence of ship motion during groundings ascertained that ship motion affects structural performance characteristics. Resistances are lessened at the end of the grounding due to the reduction of indentations caused by heave and pitch motions of the ship hull girder. Finally, a new method for predicting the structural performance of the time-consuming complete-ship model by applying a combination of normal numerical simulations and ship-motion calculations is proposed and proven.     

Formalizing a subset of ERTMS/ETCS specifications for verification purposes

ERTMS is the standard railway control-command and signaling system which aims to ensure railway interoperability throughout Europe while enhancing safety and competitiveness. ERTMS is composed of two main subsystems which include GSM-R, a radio system for enabling communication between the train and the traffic management center and ETCS, an automatic train protection system (ATP) to replace the existing national ATP systems. The ERTMS specifications are defined by means of standard documents which set out the requirements ensuring interoperability. These documents evolve regularly to give rise to successive versions. The ERTMS/ETCS standard defines different levels and operation modes according to various trackside and onboard setups and some operational conditions. Given the complexity and the high criticality of railway operation, verification and validation (V&V) are crucial tasks in railway application development.In this paper, after setting the background and the motivations, a mechanizable formalization of a subset of ERTMS/ETCS specifications relative to ETCS modes and transitions is developed. The present work aims to offer a readily available model for formal V&V. Using formal techniques to check SRS is highly recommended to tackle the complexity of the defined requirements and prevent specification errors. Model-checking technique, which is targeted here, offers exhaustive analysis of the system behavior based on its model and is highly automated, since it is supported by software tools. Based on the last available version of SRS specifications, a progressive process is undertaken to get a formal model which makes explicit the various modes characterized by their respective active functions, as well as the numerous combinations of conditions for switching between modes. The various steps guiding the translation of the SRS literal specifications into a formal model are explained. As will be shown through different examples, the obtained model is a convenient basis to check safety, interoperability and liveness properties.     

就DM—55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统谈科技成果评审的价值取向

本文以1990年5月通过鉴定的“DM-55型闭路强制循环导热油加热沥青系统”成果为依据,就其产品的命名,工艺设备本身的安全性,可靠性、先进性等阐述了作者的观点,并对该成果的推广使用提出了几点建设性意见,最终提出了对科技成果,即新产品、新工艺、新设备的评价,要做到多种价值取向,多方位、多层次考虑,才可能利于其推广发展的新见解。     

国家计量检定规程《机车速度表》解读

介绍JJG 1092—2013《机车速度表》在检定对象、测量范围、误差的表述形式、基本误差的确定和溯源设备的计量要求等方面的变化内容及其依据,结合实际的检定工作,总结执行《规程》的注意事项,为检定人员深入了解规程的要求,在执行时正确理解和掌握内容实质提供参考。     

基于地基雷达的高铁简支箱梁运营性能检定

针对高铁桥梁运营性能参数传统测试方法存在的数据采集设备安装困难、数据传输不稳定、工作效率低等问题,运用地基雷达非接触、高精度、高频率测量技术,对京沪高铁31.5m预应力混凝土双线简支箱梁进行运营性能检定。结果表明:在动车组时速为300km以上、载客运行状态下,检测得到该桥梁体的自振频率为6.823Hz,挠跨比为1/7 150~1/9 450,梁端转角为0.33‰~0.43‰;单线运行条件下梁体竖向振幅为0.13mm,横向振幅为0.07mm;实测动力系数小于运营动力系数;基于地基雷达的检定结果与传统方法检定结果相吻合;简支箱梁的运行性能参数与相关规范规定的通常值相接近;采用地基雷达能够方便、快速、高效地检定出高铁桥梁的梁体自振频率、梁体跨中挠度、梁端转角、运营动力系数、跨中竖向振幅和横向振幅,为我国高铁简支箱梁运营性能检定提供了新的方法。     

锥体铁路罐车容积检定方法的研究

根据锥体铁路罐车的结构特点,研究锥体铁路罐车容积计算方法、检定方法,采用"铁路罐车容积量传系统"对检定方法进行试验验证,确定了新型锥体铁路罐车容积检定、容积表编制方法。     

我国铁道列车紧急制动距离限值核定原则的探讨

列车紧急制动距离限值涉及列车制动限速、信号机布置、速度监控模式等相关重大技术问题,并受粘着条件、非粘制动介入程度以及制动减速度等条件限制。基于列车动能与列车制动力功(含阻力功)相等的条件,建立了普遍的铁道列车紧急制动距离限值的核定原则及计算模式,分析与选择了回转质量系数、制动粘着系数、粘着系数利用程度、列车单位基本阻力、非粘制动比例系数、安全距离、制动空走时间以及制动减速度等相关参数。描述并阐明:我国制动粘着系数公式(湿轨)可扩展应用于更高速度范围;粘着系数利用程度因制动装备技术水平而异;非粘制动比例系数可达20%～40%;旅客列车的紧急制动平均减速度宜控制在0 08g～0 1g以内,最大不宜超过0 12g,货物列车的紧急制动平均减速度可按旅客列车的60%～70%考虑。推荐的核定原则与计算模式适用于所有轮轨系列车。     

JJG 234—2012《自动轨道衡》检定规程解析

从轨道衡名称的统一、计量性能要求、法制管理要求、检定方法和检定项目、控制衡器与参考车辆、标志等方面,解析JJG234—2012《自动轨道衡》的主要技术内容、与JJG234—1990《动态称量轨道衡》的区别及实施过程中应考虑的问题。     

基于UPPAAL的二乘二取二逻辑建模与仿真

二乘二取二冗余结构以其高安全性和高可靠性特点,被广泛应用于核电、航空航天和铁路等安全关键领域。为验证二乘二取二冗余结构的核心逻辑,保证其高安全性和高可靠性的要求,对二乘二取二逻辑进行建模与验证。基于时间自动机理论,以列控车载ATP子系统二乘二取二冗余逻辑为研究对象,在分析工作原理的基础上,利用UPPAAL工具建立二乘二取二冗余逻辑的时间自动机模型,分别验证二乘、二取冗余逻辑的基本安全属性。根据验证后的软件逻辑模型,实现冗余逻辑仿真。模型构建与程序仿真的结果表明:车载ATP二乘二取二冗余逻辑结构具有高安全性与高可靠性。     

预制行车道II型梁板静载荷试验

文章结合绍兴市曹娥江袍江开发区大桥预制行车道板试验,从试验内容、方法技术和试验成果等方面分析梁板结构性能。试验结果表明该梁板工作性能满足设计荷载和规范的要求。