Verification of a simplified analytical method for predictions of ship groundings over large contact surfaces by numerical simulations

In this paper, a verification is presented of a simplified analytical method for the predictions from numerical simulations of structural performance during ship groundings over seabed obstacles with large contact surfaces and trapezoidal cross-section. This simplified analytical method was developed by Lin Hong and Jørgen Amdahl and calculates grounding characteristics, such as resistance and distortion energy, for double-bottomed ships in shoal grounding accidents. Two finite-element models are presented. One was built for a hold, and the other was built for a hold and a ship hull girder and also considers sectional properties, ship mass, added mass and the hydrodynamic restoring force. The verification was completed by comparing horizontal and vertical resistances and the distortion energy between seven numerical-simulation cases and a set of corresponding cases computed by a simplified analytical method. The results show that the resistances obtained by the simplified analytical method are close to the mean values of the resistance curves obtained by numerical simulations. The comparisons prove that the energy dissipation-prediction capability of the simplified analytical method is valuable. Thus, the simplified analytical method is feasible for assessing ship groundings over seabed obstacles with large contact surfaces and trapezoidal cross-section. Furthermore, studies of the influence of ship motion during groundings ascertained that ship motion affects structural performance characteristics. Resistances are lessened at the end of the grounding due to the reduction of indentations caused by heave and pitch motions of the ship hull girder. Finally, a new method for predicting the structural performance of the time-consuming complete-ship model by applying a combination of normal numerical simulations and ship-motion calculations is proposed and proven.     

手动扭矩扳子自动检定装置研制

传统手动扭矩扳子检定程序较为繁琐,人为干预较多,误差来源较多.为此,基于手动扭矩扳子检定流程,提出手动扭矩扳子自动检定装置要求.介绍检定装置组成、工作原理、软件功能框图,以及操作流程.通过应用验证检定装置设计功能.检定装置能够实现手动扭矩扳子检定自动化,降低人为因素造成的误差,符合JJG 707—2014《扭矩扳子》要...     

汽车造型验证模型零件的制作方法优化（续1）

汽车造型评估通常需要实车感很强的验证模型来获得准确的评估效果,而验证模型零件对于整车模型质感的提升起着重要的作用、文章分析了验证模型中复杂、特殊部分的验证模型零件在制作上的难点,如薄壳腔体零件、透明零件及镀铬零件,阐述了如何采用优化的加工方法、制作工艺及零件材料来制作出优异的验证模型零件,并以最低的成本和最快的速度来获得最好的验证模型零件。     

某轻型客车采暖的理论分析与试验

为适应客户不断提高的乘坐舒适性,汽车空调设计开发也在不断提高自身水平,以满足市场需要。原有的空调设计、试验、整改、再验证的手段已经逐渐不能适应产品开发周期。空调的设计开发需要依靠一定的理论计算,为系统匹配、及整改方案提供理论依据。本文通过使用建立的理论分析模型,定性的、定量的对某轻型客车采暖性能问题进行分析,并提出整改验证,试验证明本文的理论分析模型方向是正确的。     

乘车用燃料电池系统验证体系研究

燃料电池系统作为燃料电池车的关键核心系统,在燃料电池车的开发验证中占据重要地位。从匹配性、功能性、经济性、安全性、环境可靠性和耐久性6个维度,结合乘用车的使用环境和相关国家标准研究来分析燃料电池系统验证体系,构建出乘用车用燃料电池系统验证体系以及相关验证项目。     

Formalizing a subset of ERTMS/ETCS specifications for verification purposes

ERTMS is the standard railway control-command and signaling system which aims to ensure railway interoperability throughout Europe while enhancing safety and competitiveness. ERTMS is composed of two main subsystems which include GSM-R, a radio system for enabling communication between the train and the traffic management center and ETCS, an automatic train protection system (ATP) to replace the existing national ATP systems. The ERTMS specifications are defined by means of standard documents which set out the requirements ensuring interoperability. These documents evolve regularly to give rise to successive versions. The ERTMS/ETCS standard defines different levels and operation modes according to various trackside and onboard setups and some operational conditions. Given the complexity and the high criticality of railway operation, verification and validation (V&V) are crucial tasks in railway application development.In this paper, after setting the background and the motivations, a mechanizable formalization of a subset of ERTMS/ETCS specifications relative to ETCS modes and transitions is developed. The present work aims to offer a readily available model for formal V&V. Using formal techniques to check SRS is highly recommended to tackle the complexity of the defined requirements and prevent specification errors. Model-checking technique, which is targeted here, offers exhaustive analysis of the system behavior based on its model and is highly automated, since it is supported by software tools. Based on the last available version of SRS specifications, a progressive process is undertaken to get a formal model which makes explicit the various modes characterized by their respective active functions, as well as the numerous combinations of conditions for switching between modes. The various steps guiding the translation of the SRS literal specifications into a formal model are explained. As will be shown through different examples, the obtained model is a convenient basis to check safety, interoperability and liveness properties.     

锥体铁路罐车容积检定方法的研究

根据锥体铁路罐车的结构特点,研究锥体铁路罐车容积计算方法、检定方法,采用"铁路罐车容积量传系统"对检定方法进行试验验证,确定了新型锥体铁路罐车容积检定、容积表编制方法。     

MDOF桥墩结构基于能量的抗震性能分析方法

针对脉冲型近场地震动的高能量输入,有必要发展以能量为指标的结构抗震性能分析方法．基于能量平衡原理,在给出多自由度体系的地震输入总能量和滞回耗能需求、结构耗能能力以及总能量沿各节点分布等计算方法的基础上,建立了一种基于能量概念的桥梁结构抗震性能评估方法．以3座加拿大的实际桥墩为算例,以近震记录和模拟脉冲为输入,验证了所建议方法的有效性和必要性．最后,以MDOF实体桥墩的时程分析结果为基础,对采用Akbas模型近似确定能量在以弯剪变形为主的中、低高度RC桥墩各截面分布的适用性进行了检验．     

轨道检查仪检定台超高的复现和检定分析

介绍正切和正弦2种不同工作原理的常用轨道检查仪检定台的超高复现过程,以正切原理的检定台为例分析其超高检定原理,根据工作原理图推导复现过程和检定过程中的数学关系,为计量检定人员分析和理解轨道检查仪检定台超高的复现和检定提供参考。     

JJG 234—2012《自动轨道衡》检定规程解析

从轨道衡名称的统一、计量性能要求、法制管理要求、检定方法和检定项目、控制衡器与参考车辆、标志等方面,解析JJG234—2012《自动轨道衡》的主要技术内容、与JJG234—1990《动态称量轨道衡》的区别及实施过程中应考虑的问题。