基于USB的图像采集装置

本文讨论了一种基于USB的图像采集装置的实现。该装置由视频输入、数据缓存和逻辑控制等部分构成。详细介绍了系统的硬件电路的组成、USB的设备驱动程序和设备固件程序以及系统的应用程序。     

Development of super element to perform direct analysis on failure assessment of hull structures based on FAD

Failure assessment diagram (FAD) has great potentials to be a powerful tool to assess the integrity of hull structures. However, the current methodology to obtain the fracture ratio and the load ratio, two axes of FAD, for hull structures is tedious and burden which is one of the major obstacles to advance the further application of FAD. In this paper, a super element is introduced to obtain those two ratios simultaneously in the framework of linear elastic analysis within a single step. Besides, the virtual section closure technique is proposed to compute the reference stress under the inspiration of virtual crack closure technique to compute the stress intensity factor. The capacity of the proposed super element has been assessed by two classic examples of a plate with central crack and a cylinder with circumferential crack. The results obtained from the super element are compared to the corresponding analytical solutions. Finally, the cracked Nishihara specimen (NST-3) was examined and the facture ratio and the load ratio obtained by the super element were compared to those obtained by the global analyses. The comparisons indicate that the proposed super element is accurate. No convergence troubles were encountered. Therefore, the methodology developed in this paper could be a very useful addition to perform the direct analysis on the failure of hull structures due to large crack extensions based on the failure assessment diagram.     

Numerical study on fatigue crack growth at a web-stiffener of ship structural details by an objected-oriented approach in conjunction with ABAQUS

It is necessary to manage the fatigue crack growth (FCG) once those cracks are detected during in-service inspections. This is particular critical as high strength steels are being used increasingly in ship and offshore structures. In this paper, a simulation program (FCG-System) is developed utilizing the commercial software ABAQUS with its object-oriented programming interface to simulate the fatigue crack path and to compute the corresponding fatigue life. In order to apply FCG-System in large-scale marine structures, the substructure modeling technique is integrated in the system under the consideration of structural details and load shedding during crack growth. Based on the nodal forces and nodal displacements obtained from finite element analysis, a formula for shell elements to compute stress intensity factors is proposed in the view of virtual crack closure technique. Neither special singular elements nor the collapsed element technique is used at the crack tip. The established FCG-System cannot only treat problems with a single crack, but also handle problems with multiple cracks in case of simultaneous but uneven growth. The accuracy and the robustness of FCG-System are demonstrated by two illustrative examples. No stability and convergence difficulties have been encountered in these cases and meanwhile, insensitivity to the mesh size is confirmed. Therefore, the FCG-System developed by authors could be an efficient tool to perform fatigue crack growth analysis on marine structures.     

Total water requirements of passenger transport modes

With a growing urban population, it is crucial to maintain and develop environmentally friendly transport modes. However, while one of the most important indicators of environmental performance is water use, very few studies have quantified the total water requirements associated with different transport modes.This study uses input-output analysis to quantify the total water requirements of different passenger-transport modes in Melbourne, Australia, including the direct and indirect water requirements of petrol cars, regional diesel trains and electric metropolitan trains.Results show that urban electric trains are the least water intensive transport mode (3.4 L/pkm) followed by regional diesel trains (5.2 L/pkm) and petrol cars (6.4 L/pkm). These intensities result in average daily per capita transport-related water use that can be greater than residential water use. Findings also show that occupancy rates greatly affect the water intensity of transport modes and that when occupied by five passengers, cars are the least water intensive transport mode. Finally, this study shows that water use associated with transport depends on a range of factors across the supply chain and that indirect requirements associated with operations, including administration, advertisement, servicing and others, can represent a significant share of the total. Reducing the total water requirements of transport modes is therefore a shared responsibility between all the actors involved and integrated action plans are needed in order to reduce water use associated with transport.     

Experimental Economics and choice in transportation: Incentives and context

This paper reviews the preconditions for successful applications of Experimental Economics methods to research on transportation problems, as new transportation and research technologies emerge. We argue that the application of properly designed incentives, the hallmark of Experimental Economics, provides a high degree of experimental control, leading to internal validity and incentive compatibility. Both of these are essential for ensuring that findings generalize to contexts outside the immediate application. New technologies, such as virtual reality simulators, can generate external validity for the experiments by providing realistic contexts. GPS and other tracking technologies, as well as smart phones, smart cards and connected vehicle technologies can allow detailed observations on actions and real-time interactions with drivers in field experiments. Proper application of these new technologies in research requires an understanding of how to maintain a high level of internal validity and incentive compatibility as external validity is increased. In this review of past applications of Experimental Economics to transportation we focus on their success in achieving external and internal validity.     

Magic Formula减振器数值模型的参数识别与虚拟调校

为研究减振器的调校和匹配,需要建立可以完整描述减振器的外特性曲线理论模型。介绍了一种新型减振器模型——Magic Formula减振器数值模型,同时给出了一种有效、精确地模型参数辨识方法。然后将模型参数化,嵌入到7自由度整车Simulink模型中,以整车的动力学性能为优化目标,联合Isight软件,使用多目标优化算法,在C级路面对减振器的阻尼特性进行虚拟调校。优化结果表明,调校后的减振器的阻尼特性能够较明显改善车辆的动力学性能。     

深水铺管起重船驾驶模拟系统设计与实现

基于实时仿真软件Vega Prime和仪表仿真软件GL Studio开发深水铺管起重船驾驶模拟系统,通过分析深水铺管起重船驾驶特点,对驾驶模拟系统进行了总体及分系统功能设计,建立了风浪中船舶运动数学模型,逼真模拟深水铺管起重船驾控设备仪表和航行环境,实现了船舶驾驶模拟训练功能,达到了深水铺管起重船驾驶人员的桌面级驾驶培训要求。     

基于虚拟样机技术的调距桨机构动力学仿真分析

基于虚拟样机技术,文章研究了某调距桨机构在倒车方向调距过程中的运动学和动力学特性。对比在有无摩擦条件下调距机构各部件的受力和运动情况及完成整个调距过程所需要的油压,为调距桨机构的设计和试验提供参考数据,提高调距桨机构的运动学和动力学特性研究效率。     

虚拟现实技术在教育领域的应用前景

作者从软件硬件方面介绍了目前VR技术的基本发展状况,并提出了一个基于VR技术的虚拟学习伙伴系统的实施方案,分析了它的实现可能性,阐述了它的特点及实现步骤。     

HID电子镇流器在船用高压钠灯中的应用

船舶照明包括船用防爆强光灯、防爆泛光灯、航行灯、室内、机舱照明、应急照明等等,按2004年底的国内水上运输船舶的拥有量21.1万艘,来计算船舶的照明耗电量将是一个巨大的数字,如何在使用、设计、改造中节约船舶照明的能耗,将是我国推广绿色照明的一个重要组成部分。高压钠灯是HID灯的一种,高压钠灯使用时发出金白色光,它具有发光效率高、耗电少、寿命长、透雾能力强和不诱虫等优点。广泛应用于船舶、码头、船坞、道路、高速公路、机场。镇流器是气体放电灯工作时必不可缺的配套附件,因此合理设计配套HID灯用的电器附件是非常重要的,本文主要讨论电子镇流器的节能效应和发展趋势。