Managing Beach Amenities to Reduce Exposure to Coastal Hazards: Storm Water Pollution

Despite posted warnings and educational campaigns warning about the health risks associated with storm water pollution, swimmers continue to swim in coastal areas polluted by storm water runoff. This study uses a simple spatial model of beach visitation to show how beach amenities and storm drains influence the way in which beach goers choose to locate themselves at beaches in Santa Monica Bay, California. The estimated models indicate that passive means of preventing exposure to marine pollution (e.g., posted signs) could be made significantly more effective if combined with the active management of other beach amenities. Similar methods also could be used to reduce risks to swimmers from other hazards including riptides and boat traffic.     

透水性沥青混合料全程水稳定性规律研究

通过室内模拟试验，以沥青混合料长期老化试验和冻融循环试验来模拟透水性沥青混合料在使用过程中的老化和水损害，采用全面搭配法，考虑变化因素为老化时间和冻融循环次数，两个变化因素分别考虑6个变化水平（即长期老化0～5d，冻融循环0～5次），以多次冻融劈裂比TSR MN，来评价透水性沥青混合料的水稳定性，得到透水性沥青混合料的全程水稳定性变化规律：随着长期老化时间的延长，其抗水损害能力先变强后减弱，在老化2d后达到峰值，4d后趋于稳定，同时混合料的抗水损害能力随着混合料水损害程度的增加不断减弱。     

南水北调东线分流区通航水流条件及改善措施

采用平面二维水流数学模型,对南水北调东线某工程调水分流区通航水流条件进行了计算分析,提出了改善通航水流条件的方案.计算结果表明,现状条件下分流区通航水流条件不能满足规范要求,方案2通过扩挖金宝河及分流区南侧对回流区和横向流速的改善效果较好,推荐其作为工程改善措施.     

Hydrographic conditions affecting two fishing grounds of Mallorca island (Western Mediterranean): during the IDEA Project (2003–2004)

This paper describes the hydrographic conditions observed during six surveys carried out during 2003 and 2004, in the framework of the “IDEA Project” (acronym for “Influence of oceanographic structure and dynamics on demersal populations in waters of the Balearic Islands”). The surveys were developed on the shelf and slope of Mallorca Island, in particular in two fishing grounds at the north and south of the Mallorca channel. Periodic movements of the fishing fleet between these two areas have been regularly reported, suggesting a seasonal variability of the resources which could be in turn associated with the hydrodynamic variability. With this motivation, water masses affecting these grounds have been identified and their seasonal variability has been studied. Different oceanographic and environmental conditions have been found between the two fishing grounds. These differences are related to the presence of mesoscale structures, associated with the Western Mediterranean Intermediate Water (WIW) at the north of the Ibiza channel and big gyres detached from the Algerian Current. The former has been shown to have influence on the regional oceanic circulation and the latter could affect the progress of fresh Atlantic Water (AW) towards the channels and make possible the presence of high salinity values at intermediate waters at the south of Mallorca Island. Historical data from other oceanographic cruises carried out in the region are finally used to discuss the interannual variability of these mesoscale structures.     

变频器在供热锅炉节能技术上的应用与研究

根据风机与泵类轴功率与转速的立方成正比的特点，分析供热锅炉辅机泵与风机的流量、扬程（压头）、功率与转速间的关系，阐述变频调速节能原理，并举例比较了水泵采用变频调速控制与阀门控制所产生的效益情况。提出变流量运行时，泵与风机应采用变频技术，以降低成本，延长设备使用寿命，提高经济效益。     

Numerical simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions of a two-dimensional floating body by the moving particle semi-implicit method

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was applied to compute nonlinear motions of a floating body influenced by the water on deck. To compute the motions of a rigid body, the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface was directly integrated in space and the equations of translational and rotational motions were integrated in time to determine the correct position of the rigid-body surface at each time step of the time-domain calculation. The performance of this method was validated through a comparison with measured results in an experiment that was newly conducted using a model of a box-shaped floating body with a small freeboard. Although the overall agreement was good, some discrepancies were observed for a shorter wave period, especially for the drift motion in sway. The effect of numerical resolution on the results was checked by changing the number of particles. With a higher number of particles, no obvious improvement was seen in the global body motions, but the resolution of the local free-surface profile, including the water on deck, was improved.     

港池内中长周期波浪作用下船舶系缆动力响应

针对港池内船舶装卸作业的安全与稳定问题,采用基于势流理论的面元法分析程序AQWA,分析得到船舶与码头结构耦合作用下的14 000 TEU集装箱船动力响应幅值算子。在此基础上,进一步采用码头泊位前的真实波浪条件,得到14 000 TEU集装箱船在设计系缆方式下的船舶运动量响应和缆绳受力响应。结果表明,14 000 TEU集装箱船横摇周期较大,与港池内存在的中长期波(12～18 s)不相匹配,不易引起船舶较大幅度的动力响应;计算分析结果与系泊物理模型试验所得到的结果相吻合,说明所采用的计算原理与分析模型较为可靠,具有较强的工程实际应用价值。     

三亚大隆水利枢纽施工汛期土石坝局部管涌现象探讨

2005年主汛期,正在施工中的大隆水利枢纽分区土石坝遭遇了台风"达维"正面袭击,流域持续突降暴雨,入库最大洪峰流量在9 950 m3/s,坝前水位总涨幅达34.4 m,施工汛期土石坝度汛断面突发局部管涌现象,由于措施及时有效,土石坝经受住了百年一遇洪水的严峻考验,该文回顾管涌发生始末,探讨成因和措施,类似经验可供相关专业人员参考。     

招标文件编制之经验与心得

招标文件的编制是整个招投标管理中的核心,主要分为招标函、投标人须知、合同条件、工程量清单等部分,其中合同条件、工程量清单编制占据重要地位。该文主要介绍了在编制招标文件方面的一些经验与心得。     

厚钢板CTOD试验中试样数量问题研究

针对试样数量的选择的问题,按照CTOD韧性试验规范BS7448,对多批不同试样进行试验,并分析和对比试验结果.发现由于离散性的存在,按NS-EN 10225-2009与《材料与焊接规范》要求的传统取样数量并不能准确地判断材料的韧性.参考DNV-OS-C401关于焊接接头CTOD特征值的选择方法,讨论3种试样选取的方法.最后考虑多方面的因素,建议每次制备6个试验试样.