多轴混合动力特种车辆空气动力学特性分析与改进设计

建立某多轴混合动力特种车辆整车外流场仿真模型,采用计算流体力学方法分析整车外流场特性.根据分析结果对驾驶室进气格栅、驾驶室与货箱之间的上部连接、驾驶室下部进风口三个部位进行优化设计.在优化设计过程中,特别关注提升各车桥分布式驱动电机的散热效果,并根据局部外流场特性确定车桥处的电机风扇朝向布置.结果表明,优化后的整车风阻...     

考虑多车影响的分子动力学智能网联跟驰模型

为研究含智能网联汽车(Connected and Automated Vehicle, CAV)和人工驾驶汽车(Regular Vehicle, RV)混行交通流下CAV跟驰行为的控制问题,考虑前后多车的速度、车头间距、速度差、加速差等参数,采用分子动力学定量表达不同周边车辆对主体车的影响,得到可用于描述CAV在混行交通流中的跟驰过程。稳定性分析结果表明,与全速度差模型相比,本文提出的考虑前后多车信息的CAV跟驰模型有利于提高交通流的稳定性。数值仿真与模型验证结果表明,与PATH实验室的CACC(Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control)模型相比,本文建立的CAV跟驰模型平均速度最大误差减小了0.19 m·s^-1,平均误差减小26.79%,拟合精度提高了0.91%。同时,在CAV和RV组成的混行交通流中,随着CAV比例的逐渐增加,车队的平均速度和交通流量逐渐增加。迟滞回环曲线表明,与全速度差(Full Velocity Difference, FVD)模型相比,本文提出的CAV模型控制下的交通流稳定性更强。该模型可用于同质流或CAV与...     

汽车挡风玻璃除霜性能数值模拟

利用CFD方法建立汽车除霜性能动态模型,并量化了除霜器在挡风玻璃附近的气流速度场,对挡风玻璃除霜时间及效果进行了探讨,为汽车挡风玻璃除霜效果模拟工程提供了参考。     

我国汽车营销模式演变趋势的系统动力学研究

在对营销模式内部要素和环境因素分析的基础上,构建汽车营销模式格局演变的系统动力学模型,研究未来几年内我国汽车营销模式的格局在各种内外部因素的共同影响下发展变化的趋势,得出未来5~10年特许经营模式将在我国汽车市场占主导地位,同时其它营销模式将呈现不同的发展态势,并认为营销模式受互联网发展和政策因素影响最显著。     

弓网垂向振动半主动和主动控制仿真

为了改善高速列车受电弓垂向动力学性能,建立了受电弓非线性垂向动力学模型、弹性悬挂接触网垂向有限元动力学模型和车辆动力学模型。考虑弓网耦合振动和轨道激扰,采用受电弓框架顶点或弓头的垂向位移和速度反馈,将半主动控制减振器或主动控制作动器安装在受电弓基座和框架之间。应用数值仿真方法,研究了受电弓接触网垂向耦合振动的半主动和主动控制,并对其控制性能进行了比较。比较结果表明:与无控制时相比,在车速为250 km.h-1时,弓网接触压力方差最小减小值为26.84%,在车速为300 km.h-1时,最小减小值为20.88%,因此,采用半主动和主动控制能明显减小弓网振动和接触压力的低频波动,改善了受流质量,且半主动控制系统结构简单,易于实现,在不动作时不会改变受电弓本身的动力学性能。     

车辆动力学控制的模拟

本文用模拟方法研究了车辆动力学控制系统。采用闭环的横摆角速度及车辆侧偏角控制，用它们之间的相平面分析确定控制策略。这一控制集成了基于滑移率控制的ＡＢＳ系统，实施简单，鲁棒性强，模拟结果显示该系统能有效地改善车辆的动力学性能。     

商用车驾驶室悬置隔振仿真研究

采用多刚体系统动力学理论研究商用车驾驶室悬置隔振系统的平顺性问题，提出了基于多刚体动力学的现代虚拟样机技术进行驾驶室悬置隔振系统设计和计算分析方法，运用ADAMS软件建立了整车系统的参数化振动模型，结合实际参数对典型货车进行了随机振动分析，以驾驶室座椅处加速度均方根值为评价对象对原车驾驶室悬置系统和底盘主悬架系统进行了参数匹配和改进设计，解决了原车隔振效果差的问题。     

钢板弹簧建模方法研究

建立了5种不同的钢板弹簧模型,并从钢板弹簧自身的力学特性、悬架系统的K&C特性以及整车动态特性等方面,对这5种钢板弹簧模型进行了仿真分析对比.结果表明,在传统的SAE三连杆方法和离散梁方法的基础上引入梁单元而提出的扩展三连杆方法,建模过程较简便,仿真结果与公认具有较高精度的离散梁模型的结果较接近,比较适用于悬架子系统和整车分析.     

船载登陆栈桥系统卸载时的横摇响应计算

在无码头的情况下,利用集装箱船改装后的渡海输送登陆栈桥系统,具有装卸载不依赖吊装设备的优点,使登陆栈桥系统能够迅速展开和拼装.在缺乏港口屏蔽的海浪环境中,登陆栈桥系统进行卸载,必须考虑波浪对船的作用和登陆栈桥系统与船的相互作用.利用浮基多体系统动力学方法,考虑海况、船型和登陆栈桥系统在船上运动参数等因素,计算了各工况下的横摇运动响应,进而给出了登陆栈桥系统安全卸载的操作要求,对集装箱船改装可行性提供了理论支持.     

Air transportation in a carbon constrained world: Long-term dynamics of policies and strategies for mitigating the carbon footprint of commercial aviation

With increasing demand for air transportation worldwide and decreasing marginal fuel efficiency improvements, the contribution of aviation to climate change relative to other sectors is projected to increase in the future. As a result, growing public and political pressures are likely to further target air transportation to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The key challenges faced by policy makers and air transportation industry stakeholders is to reduce aviation greenhouse gas emissions while sustaining mobility for passengers and time-sensitive cargo as well as meeting future demand for air transportation in developing and emerging countries. This paper examines five generic policies for reducing the emissions of commercial aviation; (1) technological efficiency improvements, (2) operational efficiency improvements, (3) use of alternative fuels, (4) demand shift and (5) carbon pricing (i.e. market-based incentives). In order to evaluate the impacts of these policies on total emissions, air transport mobility, airfares and airline profitability, a system dynamics modeling approach was used. The Global Aviation Industry Dynamics (GAID) model captures the systemic interactions and the delayed feedbacks in the air transportation system and allows scenarios testing through simulations. For this analysis, a set of 34 scenarios with various levels of aggressiveness along the five generic policies were simulated and tested. It was found that no single policy can maintain emissions levels steady while increasing projected demand for air transportation. Simulation results suggest that a combination of the proposed policies does produce results that are close to a “weak” sustainability definition of increasing supply to meet new demand needs while maintaining constant or increasing slightly emissions levels. A combination of policies that includes aggressive levels of technological and operations efficiency improvements, use of biofuels along with moderate levels of carbon pricing and short-haul demand shifts efforts achieves a 140% increase in capacity in 2024 over 2004 while only increasing emissions by 20% over 2004. In addition, airline profitability is moderately impacted (10% reduction) compared to other scenarios where profitability is reduced by over 50% which pose a threat to necessary investments and the implementation of mitigating measures to reduce CO2 emissions. This study has shown that an approach based on a portfolio of mitigating measures and policies spanning across technology and operational improvements, use of biofuels, demand shift and carbon pricing is required to transition the air transportation industry close to an operating point of environmental and mobility sustainability.