影响西南铁路提速关键技术研究

针对西南山区铁路线路曲折、沿线桥梁和隧道多的特点,对影响西南山区铁路提速的机车车辆动力学、隧道空气动力学及结构动力学和线路系统进行了研究,并对其关键技术进行了大量的实验。通过对遂渝线200km/h提速综合试验和速度200km/h动车组动力学性能鉴定试验表明,试验线路能够满足运行稳定性和平稳性等动力学性能要求,并提出了机车车辆外形是影响隧道内空气压力变化的主要因素,要根据隧道的具体结构形式,设定合理的列车运行速度,为制定山区铁路提速规范标准提供了研究依据。     

Scaled vehicle tire characteristics: dimensionless analysis

This article demonstrates the use of dimensional analysis for scaled vehicle tires. The motivation for this approach is the understanding of realistic nonlinear tire behavior in scaled vehicle control studies. By examining the behavior of vehicle tires within a dimensionless framework, several key tire parameters are developed that allow for an appropriate relationship between full-sized tires and scaled tires. Introducing these scalings into vehicle dynamics studies allows for the development of scaled vehicles that have a high degree of dynamic similitude with full-sized vehicles, but are safer and more economical testbeds on which to develop experimental control strategies. Experimental data are used to compare the nonlinear characteristics for sets of scaled and full-sized tires. Finally, design of a scaled vehicle based on tire characteristics is demonstrated.     

计算流体力学中变形运动边界处理方法及应用

自然界中很多问题的物理模型具有运动和变形两大特征，它们在计算流体力学中的动边界处理一直是研究的难点。介绍了一种适用于该类问题的动边界处理方法，即通过人工确定模型边界的变化状态，实时重新生成计算网格。以商业软件FLUENT作为数值模拟平台，利用二维鱼类C形起动的算例详细介绍了这种动边界处理方法。对算例结果作了实验对比与理论分析，发现这种方法能有效处理物体运动过程变形的边界变化，能给数值模拟过程中动边界处理方法提供借鉴。     

构建船舶与海洋工程数字化性能平台促进科技自主创新

作为对船舶设计基础共性技术研发的一种思考,提出构建“船舶与海洋工程数字化性能平台”的设想。这一性能平台是以信息化、数字化为核心,以虚拟技术、网络协同、远程交互技术为手段,开放式和加盟式一体化的综合集成系统。在这种数字化性能平台上,运用计算流体动力学方法,可以全面地对船舶的安全性能、综合航行性能和海洋工程结构物的流体动力特性进行预报、评估和优化,成为新型舰船、新型海洋平台和海洋结构物研究开发的重要工具和手段,促进船型开发和设计的自主创新。     

Using data assimilation in laboratory experiments of geophysical flows

Data assimilation is used in numerical simulations of laboratory experiments in a stratified, rotating fluid. The experiments are performed on the large Coriolis turntable (Grenoble, France), which achieves a high degree of similarity with the ocean, and the simulations are performed with a two-layer shallow water model, using the SEEK method for data assimilation. Since the flow is measured with a high level of precision and resolution, a detailed analysis of a forecasting system is feasible. The procedure is tested for the baroclinic instability of a two-layer vortex. It is shown that the method of data assimilation properly captures the details of the initial flow perturbation. Then it is shown by sensitivity studies that an error of the model, attributed to small non-hydrostatic effects, can be distinguished from the error growth associated with the intrinsic instability of the system. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that the velocity field in the lower layer can be well controlled by data assimilation limited to the top layer.     

基础沉降对土路基上板式轨道动力性能影响分析

研究目的:无砟轨道的稳定性和耐久性由线下基础决定,而土路基上无砟轨道铺设成功的核心是不均匀沉降的控制,因此研究不均匀沉降对轮轨系统的动力影响对工程设计很有必要。研究方法:应用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论,建立了土路基上车辆-板式轨道耦合动力学垂向模型,并编制相应的仿真计算程序。研究结果:选用不同沉降工况进行计算,得出轮轨系统的动力响应,以及不均匀沉降对轮轨系统的动力影响规律。研究结论:当车辆通过路基不均匀区段时,轮轨动力作用急剧增大,CA砂浆和路基面动应力明显增大,设计速度为250 km/h时,路基不均匀沉降建议控制在20 mm/20 m以内,困难路段不得超过30 mm/20 m,设计速度为300 km/h时,路基不均匀沉降建议应控制严格在20 mm/20 m以内。     

车辆系统垂向与横向耦合的侧倾状态估计

为有效解决复杂行驶工况下车辆耦合侧倾运动状态无法精确获取,进而对车辆系统操纵稳定性与乘坐舒适性兼顾优化无法提供准确输入的难题,本文中设计了基于车辆垂向与横向耦合动力学的双非线性状态观测器算法,以实现复杂行驶工况下车辆耦合侧倾运动状态的实时准确估计。首先,建立了路面激励模型与整车系统垂向与横向耦合动力学模型;接着,利用无迹卡尔曼滤波方法(UKF)与非线性模糊观测(T-S)理论,设计了非线性状态观测算法,以在不同路面激励工况下对车辆系统簧载质量与侧倾状态进行联合估计;最后,运用CarSim■动力学软件,对比分析了在标准A级与C级路面上进行J-turn试验工况下,采用联合状态观测器(UKF&T-S)实时估计车辆侧倾角与侧倾率的观测精度。结果表明,本文所设计的UKF&T-S观测器可有效估计车辆侧倾状态,且与CarSim■仿真数据相比识别状态标准偏差不超过10%。     

Emergency steering control of autonomous vehicle for collision avoidance and stabilisation

ABSTRACT

Collision avoidance and stabilisation are two of the most crucial concerns when an autonomous vehicle finds itself in emergency situations, which usually occur in a short time horizon and require large actuator inputs, together with highly nonlinear tyre cornering response. In order to avoid collision while stabilising autonomous vehicle under dynamic driving situations at handling limits, this paper proposes a novel emergency steering control strategy based on hierarchical control architecture consisting of decision-making layer and motion control layer. In decision-making layer, a dynamic threat assessment model continuously evaluates the risk associated with collision and destabilisation, and a path planner based on kinematics and dynamics of vehicle system determines a collision-free path when it suddenly encounters emergency scenarios. In motion control layer, a lateral motion controller considering nonlinearity of tyre cornering response and unknown external disturbance is designed using tyre lateral force estimation-based backstepping sliding-mode control to track a collision-free path, and to ensure the robustness and stability of the closed-loop system. Both simulation and experiment results show that the proposed control scheme can effectively perform an emergency collision avoidance manoeuvre while maintaining the stability of autonomous vehicle in different running conditions.     

机车连挂仿真计算分析

分析了机车连挂过程的特点和主要影响因素,建立机车在连挂过程中的动力学计算模型;结合多自由度动力学微分方程,根据缓冲器的动力学特征讨论基于NewMark-β法的新解法;应用文章提出的模型和解法进行HXD1型机车的实例计算,并对计算结果进行讨论。     

面向性能的汽车运动动力学模型回顾

系统介绍了面向汽车性能而建立的、用于汽车运动动力学研究的专用模型.以模型发展历史为主线,从模型功用的角度,分析了建模的迁变动机.概括阐述经典的性能模型的建模方法及特点,并分析了性能模型在汽车工业中的应用价值.最后指出面向更高频率特性仿真的具有更精细动态品质的模型是汽车运动动力学模型的发展趋势之一.