Modeling free-flow speed according to different water depths—From the viewpoint of dynamic hydraulic pressure

In this paper, we propose a method of modeling free flow speed from the viewpoint of hydroplaning. First, the lift forces for different water depths were estimated using Bernoulli’s equation. Compared with the result of the experimental test performed by the Japan Automobile Research Institute, the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient was determined to be 0.03 (tf s²/m⁴). The validation of the predicted lift force is found in another published paper. A very good match is found between the computed values by the proposed numerical model and the data in other published papers. Then, the loss of contact force is considered to evaluate the hydroplaning performance of a tire. To simulate the hydroplaning speed, a tire-sliding model was utilized to obtain the traction and friction forces between the road surface and the tire. The observation data obtained in Japan in 2009 is compared with the physically computed hydroplaning speed, yielding the conclusion that the traction force at the measured desired speed is, on average, 23.4% of the traction force at hydroplaning speed. The analytical model offers a useful tool to quantitatively show that the free flow speed changes as the water depth increase.     

南海风浪条件下Spar式浮式风机平台的构型及参数

使用WAMIT软件建立了OC3-Hywind Spar式浮式风机模型,联合FAST软件计算了浮式风机在不同工况下的幅值响应算子;结合为南海海域波浪条件优化后的JONSWAP谱,对浮式风机进行了不同工况下的响应谱分析及最大响应值计算;进一步阐述了浮式平台结构构型参数的变化对整体结构在南海相应工况下的运动影响。     

Time taken for residents to adopt a new public transport service: examining heterogeneity through duration modelling

When a new public transport service is introduced it would be valuable for public authorities, financing organisations and transport operators to know how long it will take for people to start to use the service and what factors influence this. This paper presents results from research analysing the time taken for residents living close to a new guided bus service to start to use (or adopt) the service. Data was obtained from a sample of residents on whether they used the new service and the number of weeks after the service was introduced before they first used it. Duration modelling has been used to analyse how the likelihood of starting to use the new service changes over time (after the introduction of the service) and to examine what factors influence this. It is found that residents who have not used the new service are increasingly unlikely to use it as time passes. Those residents gaining greater accessibility benefits from the new service are found to be quicker to use the service, although the size of this effect is modest compared to that of other between-resident differences. Allowance for the possibility that there existed a proportion of the sample that would never use the new service was tested using a split population model (SPD) model. The SPD model indicates that 36% of residents will never use the new service and is informative in differentiating factors that influence whether Route 20 is used and when it is used.

船舶非线性横摇运动数值模拟研究

非线性大角横摇运动是危害船舶安全的重要因素,也是船舶水动力学关注的热点及难点问题。文章采用CFD方法,对某型驱逐舰船模在不同波长规则波中横浪航行时的横摇运动进行了数值模拟。通过与水池实验比对,数值仿真得到的稳定横摇幅值与实验值的误差在10%左右。同时,数值模拟证实了非线性横摇的两种典型特征—“多值”及“跳跃”现象。数值模拟结果表明,CFD方法可作为研究船舶非线性横摇运动的有效手段。     

Modelling of wheels and rail discontinuities in dynamic wheel-rail contact analysis

A classification of wheel-rail contact is given. Difference is made between modelling of a running wheel with continuous single-point-contact, as is common practice in wheel-rail contact analysis, and a wheel with transient double- or multi-point-contact, which may occur for rail irregularities with curvatures larger than that of the wheel circumference. It is shown that application of the first model for these irregularities will strongly underestimate the contact forces as it does not describe occurring mechanisms correctly. Further, it is shown that in principle it is not possible to describe the second type of contact fully correct with a lumped wheel model. Both wheel models are formulated mathematically for some basic contact cases. Afterwards, results are applied to a linear track model. Analytical closed-form solutions are found in the frequency domain for arbitrary type of contact and numerically transformed to the time domain. Finally, the necessity is shown to avoid situations where transient multiple-point-contact may occur (like rail joints) in practice.     

轮胎垂直振动动力学模型

本文提出一种自适应轮膜模型参数的简易测定方法，给出轮胎垂直振动动力学方程及相应的求解方法，并进行计算分析与试验测定。将分析结果与通常的点接触式模型相比较，对点接触式模型及本文所建立的自适应模型做了综合评价，结果表明，本模型的计算结果是令人满意的。     

Prediction of wheel wear in urban railway transport: comparison of existing models

One of the most important maintenance costs in tramway transport comes from wear of wheel profiles. In the highly competitive railway market, the prediction of wear is then a major concern of the constructors. In this article, we present and compare four models well adapted to tramway conditions, involving contacts on the rolling tread and on the flange with very different sliding and pressure conditions. Moreover, all models can be implemented from the natural outputs of the railway simulation packages classically used in industry for the dynamics design of the vehicles. The first one, proposed by Jendel, is based on the well-known Archard's wear model. Enblom continues Jendel's approach by taking into account the contribution of wheel deformation on the sliding velocity. The last two models, developed by Zobory, and Pearce and Sherratt, determine the wear from the energy dissipation in the contact area. The models are first compared on a theoretical basis and, for that purpose, are rewritten in a common form. Two cases are distinguished: mild wear as arising on the rolling tread and severe wear as arising on the flange. The models are also compared in the practical case of an urban transport vehicle running on circular tracks with different curve radii. Although the models show equivalent trends according to the theoretical study, important discrepancies appear between estimated wear depths. All models are actually dependent on experimental coefficients and it is likely that they were estimated in different conditions. On the other hand, a reasonable agreement can be found in some particular conditions. As an example, Zobory's, Enblom's and Jendel's models are very close to each other in severe wear conditions. This work shows that a general and reliable model could probably be developed from all positive aspects of the existing ones.     

基于LS-DYNA的船舶下水动力学研究

文章采用动力学方法,利用LS-DYNA的流固耦合功能,考虑了船舶下水的惯性力、水动力以及船体水下形状等因素,对船舶下水过程进行了三维有限元数值模拟。与传统静力学方法比较,动力学方法不仅能够准确的预报船舶在下水过程中的受力情况,而且能够得到船舶下水过程中瞬时速度、加速度及浮态,能够适应现代造船质量控制的要求。     

影响某艇喷水推进器推进性能的若干因素

基于某艇的推进性能需求,以喷水推进器设计工况为分析对象,采用计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD）方法,建立计算模型,研究叶轮叶顶间隙、流道格栅密度、艇底水底间距、双泵轴间距等工程应用因素对推进性能的影响,可为某艇喷水推进器的设计、安装与使用等提供合理依据。     

基于独立旋转车轮的变轨距转向架研究

世界各国铁路一直保存着多种不同轨距的现状,解决铁道车辆在轨距不同区间的直通运行是国际和地区间联运中亟待解决的问题,采用变轨距转向架技术是一种行之有效的方法。研究变轨距转向架的机理及结构,提出变轨距转向架的技术设计方案。着重对变轨距转向架的结构进行方案设计,并建立相应的动力学模型,利用计算机数值仿真模拟方法对变轨距转向架进行参数优化和动力学计算。对变轨距转向架的动力学性能进行详细的分析。主要研究内容如下。(1)进行变轨距转向架的方案设计研究,从变轨距车轮的型式、移动模式、载荷的承载方式、锁紧机构及变轨…