比例溢流阀式半主动悬挂系统仿真研究

利用建立的比例溢流阀式半主动减振器的数学模型、天棚阻尼半主动控制器模型和车辆系统动力学模型,分析常通节流孔直径和比例溢流阀调压误差对半主动减振器性能的影响.结果表明:采用比例溢流阀式半主动悬挂系统能够有效地减小车体振动,而且车辆运行速度越高改善效果越明显;根据建立的车辆系统动力学模型,对应车辆各速度等级,当天棚阻尼系数取100kN·s·m-1时,车辆运行平稳性指标取得综合最优;常通节流孔直径越大,半主动减振器响应越慢,其等效阻尼越小,半主动减振器阻尼力对控制器期望阻尼力的跟踪能力就越差,在振动频率为1Hz附近车辆的振动能量越大,并且调压误差系数仅对车体的横向高频振动有微小的影响.     

深圳地铁11号线橡胶弹簧浮置板轨道动力仿真及测试

深圳地铁11号线是国内首次采用橡胶弹簧浮置板轨道的地铁线路。为确保该种浮置板结构的安全性、检验其减振效果,有必要针对其动力学特性进行全面的仿真和测试。首先,通过模态分析、谐响应分析考察其固有频率、振动传递特性;然后建立车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,对其减振效果、动态位移进行仿真模拟;最后通过实车测试,全面检测其减振效果、动态位移,以及轮轨力、脱轨系数、轮重减载率等各项动力学指标。相关理论分析及实测结果表明:橡胶弹簧浮置板固有频率为10. 5 Hz,可明显削弱频率在18 Hz以上的振动,其减振效果达13～15 d B,满足设计要求;轮轨垂向力、轮轨横向力均略小于同等条件下的普通整体道床;脱轨系数、轮重减载率均满足规范要求。以上理论研究和实践表明:橡胶弹簧浮置板结构安全、减振效果好,各项动力学指标优良,是一种较为理想的轨道减振设施。     

地铁火灾研究

对世界各国的地铁火灾进行分析,阐述了地铁火灾产生的原因和危险性,介绍了地铁设计中的通风空调系统,探讨了火灾研究的手段,并通过实例进行模拟与分析。     

Influence of avenue trees on traffic pollutant dispersion in asymmetric street canyons: Numerical modeling with empirical analysis

The dispersion of traffic-related pollutants in urban street canyons is of importance for the health and quality of lives. To reveal the inherent principle, researchers have performed a lot of investigations; many dispersion phenomena have also been assessed during recent years. However, the presence of avenue trees in street canyons and their capacity for pollutant dispersion remains partly addressed. In this study, we investigated the effects of avenue trees in urban street canyons on traffic pollutant dispersion. The dispersion of CO concentration in asymmetric street canyons was simulated under varied situations. The computational results showed a good agreement with the experimental data, and the numerical model was validated to be adequate for investigating the pollutant dispersion in street canyons. Then, the numerical simulations were extended to explore the impacts of the effects of avenue trees on CO dispersion; the results indicated that avenue trees generally increase CO concentrations in asymmetric street canyons. When the wind direction is perpendicular to the street axis, a terraced building raises pollutant concentrations at the windward wall and reduces concentration at the leeward wall on the pedestrian levels. Findings of this study are expected to provide significant insight into urban road design and strategy making for avenue tree planting, particularly under the existing worldwide sustainable low-carbon urban development.     

CKA-C型外锁闭装置动力学特性试验研究

在宁波地铁轨道测试线道岔上,安装了CKA-C型外锁闭装置进行行车试验,采集基本轨、尖轨连接铁、锁闭框、锁钩和锁闭杆的动力学响应数据,通过分析加速度信号的频谱及结构件所承受的应力,评估产品的安全性和可靠性。试验结果表明CKA-C型外锁闭装置能够满足使用需要,且具有较大的安全余量;产品的固有频率也避开了行车的特征频率,不会产生共振。     

Longer-term changes in mode choice decisions in Chennai: a comparison between cross-sectional and dynamic models

The rapid and continuing changes in travel and mobility needs in India over the last decade necessitates the development and use of dynamic models for travel demand forecasting rather than cross-sectional models. In this context, this paper investigates mode choice dynamics among workers in Chennai city, India over a period of five years (1999–2004). Dynamics in mode choice is captured at four levels: exogenous variable change, state-dependence, changes in users’ sensitivity to attributes, and unobserved error terms. The results show that the dynamic models provide a substantial improvement (of over 500 log-likelihood points and ρ² increases from 44% to 68%) over the cross-sectional model. The performance was compared using two illustrative policy scenarios with important methodological and practical implications. The results indicate that cross-sectional models tend to provide inflated estimates of potential improvement measures. Improving the Level of Service (LOS) alone will not produce the anticipated benefits to transit agencies, as it fails to overcome the persistent inertia captured in the state-dependence factors. The results and models have important applications in the context of growing motorization and congestion management in developing countries.

机车车辆与线路最佳匹配设计原理、方法及工程实践

提出了采用系统设计思想实现机车车辆与线路最佳匹配设计的理念,论述了匹配设计的基本原理与设计方法。指出:机车车辆系统和线路系统在动态性能设计上要相互适应、相互匹配。无论设计主体对象是机车车辆还是线路,都必须将对方视为主体对象的动态环境,通过机车车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论方法考虑对方的动态影响因素,进行主体对象动力性能优化设计,同时分析评估主体设计对象对另一系统的动态作用影响,再根据动态作用影响的评估结果改进主体对象结构设计参数,如此反复,直到整体系统动态性能最优为止。由此开发了机车车辆—轨道耦合动力学仿真设计技术平台。经在若干铁路重大工程线路设计中运用,取得了显著成效。     

缓解快速线路曲线入口结构性晃车问题的探讨

为减小列车由直线进入曲线时车轮对轨道产生的横向冲击力，对曲线入口的结构性晃车问题进行了分析，进而对轮轨游间及相关技术标准进行了讨论，从机车车辆和线路2个方面提出了建议。     

客运专线道岔前后轨道刚度过渡段动力学研究

客运专线有砟轨道及无砟轨道道岔区的轨道刚度约是区间线路的2~3倍,差别较大,均需要通过设置轨道刚度过渡段来减轻轮轨动力作用,改善行车的平稳性。从保证行车安全性和舒适性、降低对轨下基础动力冲击作用的角度,提出轨道刚度过渡段动力性能的评价指标以及过渡段合理长度的确定方法,既要满足钢轨挠度变化率小于0.3 mm.m-1的要求,还应满足轮轨垂向力衰减距离以及车体加速度衰减时间的要求。应用车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型与理论,进行客运专线道岔前后轨道不同刚度过渡段方案的动力学分析。结果表明:客运专线道岔前后轨道刚度过渡段可采用轨道刚度分级过渡的方法,每一级刚度取15个轨枕间距,并依据实际线路轨道刚度差的大小在3~6级中完成过渡。