计算流体力学方法在船舶领域的实用性研究

通过CFD（计算流体力学）方法对船舶领域两个典型的工程实例进行了数值计算和流场模拟,模拟的流场与船池试验的流场很吻合。数值计算结果和试验值比较,在特定n范围内相对误差在6．6％以内,满足工程要求。表明数值方法在船舶航速预报方面具有一定的工程实用性,以CFD计算结果为依据光顺流场流线优化船舶阻力性能的可行性也得到工程实例证明。     

An inverse railway wagon model and its applications

An inverse wagon model was developed to estimate wheel-rail contact forces using only measurements of wagon body responses as inputs. The purpose of this work was to provide mathematical modelling to embed in low-cost devices that can be mounted on each freight wagon in a large wagon fleet. To minimize cost, complication, and the maintenance inconvenience of these devices, the constraint is imposed that transducers and connections are limited to locations on the wagon body. Inputs to the inverse model developed include only vertical and lateral translational accelerations and angular accelerations of roll, pitch, and yaw of the wagon body. The model combines the integration and partial modal matrix (PMM) techniques together to form an IPMM method. Besides wheel-rail contact forces some motion quantities such as the lateral and yaw displacements of wheelset are also predicted. Results from the inverse model were compared with data from full scale laboratory suspension tests for vertical suspension excitations. The inverse model was also compared with results from simulations completed in VAMPIRE^® for more complicated track input profiles. The model results and the applications of the model are discussed.     

Directional performance issues in evaluation and design of articulated heavy vehicles

This review of the dynamics of heavy road-vehicle systems emphasizes directional performance. The review presents information on the following topics: why are articulated vehicles used; units, hitches, and combination vehicles; multiple axle suspensions and steering systems; important performance issues; models and simulation tools; and controlling directional performance. The concluding section summarizes the material presented and provides ideas regarding the application of vehicle system dynamics concepts in developing controllers for road trains.     

振动钻削时钻头的动力学模型

为了给振动钻削的进一步发展提供有力的理论依据，根据欧拉－伯努利梁理论并用哈密顿原理，建立了振动钻削时钻头的动力学模型。该模型包括了钻头以及钻削操作的重要特性，即钻头的截面几何特征、螺旋角、转速和钻削过程中产生的切削力。     

考虑塑性变形的振动压路机非线性动力学仿真

借助于土壤变形的一种塑性模式，提出了一种振动压路机压实过程的非线性动力学模型。在此基础上，借助计算机技术，探讨了振动压实中机架与振动轮的运动规律，并对激振力减少、土壤刚度变大和塑性变形增大等情况进行了仿真研究，发现了一些对压路机设计有参考价值的新现象     

A simplified model of wheel/rail contact mechanics for non-Hertzian problems and its application in rail vehicle dynamic simulations

The presented model assumes semi-elliptical normal pressure distribution in the direction of rolling. The contact area is found by virtual penetration of wheel and rail. The normal pressure is calculated by satisfying contact conditions at the geometrical point of contact. The calculation is non-iterative, fast and completely reliable. It may be carried out on-line in MultiBody Systems (MBS) computer codes. The tests using the programme CONTACT by Kalker and experience from application in MBS codes show that the model is suitable for technical applications. The creep forces have been calculated with the FASTSIM algorithm, adapted for a non-elliptical contact area. Some applications in rail vehicle dynamics and wear simulation have been outlined.     

基于CFD方法的6500TEU集装箱船舵空泡腐蚀数值模拟研究

舵的空泡腐蚀研究在船型优化设计和新船型开发中具有重要意义。文章以6 500 TEU集装箱船的NACA0021舵为研究对象,通过对船、桨、舵整体三维建模,运用CFD方法在3D计算域下对舵的非定常空化现象进行数值模拟,得到了与试验比较一致的结果。同时还对改善舵空蚀现象的措施进行了分析。研究表明,通过整体建模的数值模拟方法对舵空泡性能进行预测研究,其结果是合理可信的。     

流场控制体对喷水推进器性能预报影响的研究

为准确预报喷水推进器设计工况与非设计工况的水动力性能,采用CFD方法对喷水推进器性能预报所需流场控制体进行了研究.在验证计算方法和数值模型可信的基础上,通过对比不同流场控制体的计算结果,分析了流场控制体对喷水推进器性能预报的影响.首先,确定了设计工况下流场控制体的大小;然后,对非设计工况下流场控制体的选取进行了分析讨论.结果表明,非设计工况下流场控制体的大小对喷水推进器性能预报的影响比设计工况大,而且非设计工况下所需流场控制体要大于设计工况时的情况.     

Dynamics Performance of Subgrade-Tunnel Transition on Chongqing-Suining Ballastless Track

Experiments were conducted on China railway high speed electrical multiple units (EMUs) CRH2 and freight car C80 on Chongqing-Suining high-speed ballastless track. Based on the experimental results, the dynamics performance of cement concrete transition and cement stabilized aggregate transition was analyzed. The results show that the dynamic stress, vibration displacement, vibration velocity, vibration acceleration and other vibration parameters vary steadily on the profile section of transitions, and that at the adjoining position between subgrade and tunnel portal, cement concrete transition has gradual hardness change, whereas cement stabilized aggregate transition exhibits good elasticity, small shock, and small dynamic effect of the cars.     

基于单轮对试验台的高速制动防滑试验研究

利用高速轮轨关系试验台,接入制动气路设备,建立试验台与制动防滑器间的信号和指令传递,进行高速制动防滑试验。首先,采用电惯量模拟的方式,实现制动条件下试验台轨道轮的运动惯量与实车试验车辆轴重的运动惯量一致,通过控制轨道轮的圆周速度,使试验台试验车速与实车试验车速保持一致,并将其作为防滑控制系统的参考速度;然后,依据试验台制动防滑试验流程,通过干燥条件下的纯空气紧急制动试验结果对试验方法的可靠性进行验证;在此基础上,试验某动车组制动防滑器在200和300 km·h^-1制动初速度及在喷水和喷防冻液条件下的制动防滑特性。结果表明:干燥条件下的纯空气紧急制动试验,实际减速度与目标减速度基本吻合,试验台试验的制动距离较实车试验的相对误差满足标准要求,试验方法可靠;喷水条件下,制动初速度为200 km·h^-1时初始滑行阶段的制动率更高,而喷防冻液条件下,制动初速度为300 km·h^-1时初始滑行阶段的制动率更高;喷防冻液条件下的轮轨黏着利用比喷水条件下更充分,制动率更高,制动距离更短。