装配式挡土墙设计特点及其在市政道路中的应用

《城市道路—装配式挡土墙》(07MR402)标准图集于2008年5月在全国正式出版发行。结合编制该标准图集的体会,重点对装配式挡土墙设计的内容、特点、效益、工艺及设计中的重点、难点进行剖析,旨在推动该标准图集的应用推广,并对今后标准图集升级再版提供借鉴。     

利用ARX实现裙座的参数化设计

通过对裙座总体结构特点及其视图表示法的分析总结,结合行业标准及有关规定,提出了裙座的参数化设计、绘图方法,并利用VC 6.0和AutoCAD的二次开发工具ObjectARX进行程序的编制,实现了塔设备中的重要部件裙座的设计和参数化绘图,极大的提高了塔设备的设计和绘图效率。这种方法为塔设备CAD提供了一条实用有效的途径。     

新型高温/超高温热障涂层及制备技术研究进展

  目的  为了梳理燃气轮机热障涂层服役过程中的高温腐蚀问题,  方法  对燃气轮机热障涂层腐蚀类型和提高抗腐蚀性能的方法分别进行了归纳分析,并展望了提高热障涂层抗腐蚀性能的发展方向。  结果  经归纳分析,燃气轮机热障涂层腐蚀类型主要包括：陶瓷层高温相变、粘结层氧化、盐雾腐蚀、CMAS腐蚀以及燃料杂质腐蚀。提高热障涂层抗腐蚀性能的方法主要有：发展新的抗高温腐蚀涂层材料、进行涂层表面防腐处理、改变涂层系统结构以及提高燃气轮机辅助清洁功能。  结论  未来开发性能优异的新材料仍是提高热障涂层抗腐蚀性能的主要方向,而改进涂层结构设计、材料纳米化对提升热障涂层抗腐蚀性能有很大潜力。随着陶瓷基复合材料的发展,对涂层的高温腐蚀研究将逐步从热障涂层转向环境障涂层（EBC）。     

国际航运投资决策研究综述

分析了30年来国内外国际航运投资决策问题, 认为对国际航运传统的或经典的投资决策方法的研究比较成熟, 将定性评价转化为定量评价的投资决策方法的研究有所进行, 但基于期权的投资决策方法的研究尚未进行。为此, 阐述了这一领域未来的研究重点与前沿问题。     

Shifting from car to active transport: A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions

IntroductionA promising way to stimulate physical activity is to promote the choice for active modes of transport (walking and cycling). Over the past years, several interventions and policies have been implemented to stimulate this mode shift. However, information concerning the effectiveness of these interventions and policies is still limited. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the effectiveness of interventions designed to stimulate a shift from car use to cycling or walking and to obtain insight into the intervention tools that have been used to promote and/or implement these interventions.MethodsFive databases were searched and articles published in English, Dutch, German, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish were included. Only studies that focussed on a mode shift from car use towards active transport in a general adult population, which were published in peer reviewed journals and which investigated effectiveness were included. Intervention tools used were categorized by using the model of Hoogerwerf & Herweijer, as either legal, economic (subsidy, reward system, penalty), communicative (written materials, behavioural tools) and physical tools (providing bicycles, providing better bicycle facilities at work, adjustment of the environment).ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Studies included described work-place-based interventions, architectural and urbanistic adjustments, population-wide interventions, and bicycle-renting systems. Nearly all studies (except three) showed positive effects concerning a mode shift. Most of the included studies used more than one intervention tool and the tools used differed between types of interventions. However, information about the statistical significance of these results was often lacking and the study methodologies used were not of high quality.ConclusionNearly all studies showed results in a positive direction. However, the quality of the included studies was mostly low and intervention characteristics were poorly described.     

A survey on planning semi-flexible transit systems: Methodological issues and a unifying framework

When demand for transportation is low or sparse, traditional transit cannot provide efficient and good-quality service, due to its fixed structure. New transportation alternatives are therefore increasingly proposed, combining on-demand service adjustment capabilities to the regular route and schedule characteristics of traditional transit. Such so-called semi-flexible systems require careful planning, but no formalization of the corresponding decisions problems, nor any comprehensive methodology has been proposed yet. This paper aims at contributing to fill this gap by presenting a comprehensive literature review, and a general and unifying modeling framework for representing and planning semi-flexible systems. The latter takes the form of the Demand Adaptive Systems, which generalizes the semi-flexible systems described in the literature, and also offers a number of advanced features, the scheduling mechanism, in particular. The paper then provides a classification of planning decisions, which is used to structure a comprehensive and comparative literature review of the field of semi-flexible systems, including methodological contributions as well as a number of particularly significant practical experiences.     

证据理论在航空装备性能评审中的应用

分析了航空装备可靠性、维修性、保障性(RMS) 评审中存在着许多难以量化的因素, 利用专家经验等隐性知识, 构建了基于证据理论的航空装备RMS评审模型, 通过证据合成, 消除或控制了航空装备RMS评审中的不确定性, 提高了评审决策的科学性。     

The built environment and travel behavior in urban China: A literature review

Interests in studying of the built environment impacts on travel behavior have proliferated from North America to other parts of the world including China. Until very recently, there has been very little research into travel behavior in China. However, during the last decade, there has been a fast growing interest in studying the built environment and travel behavior in Chinese cities, perhaps motivated by China’s unprecedented urbanization and rapid urban transport development. Case studies from China provide new insights into the impacts of built environment on travel behavior that can help to enrich existing scholarship. However, currently there is a generally poor understanding of the role played by Chinese research and how it has enriched the international literature. This paper aims to fill this gap by reviewing studies in and outside China by both Chinese and non-Chinese scholars. The focus is on the contribution of these studies to the international literature. We identify four areas of contribution: how the built environment has been developed and its implications for travel behavior; the importance of housing sources in defining residential built environment and explaining travel behavior; the unique Danwei (or work unit) perspective on jobs-housing relationships and commuting behavior; and the importance of neighborhood types in explaining travel behavior in Chinese cities. The findings from this review should be relevant for researchers interested in developing future studies that will further advance geographic knowledge of the built environment and travel behavior, specifically in China and with broader global contexts.     

Understanding the impacts of mobile phone distraction on driving performance: A systematic review

The use of mobile phones while driving—one of the most common driver distractions—has been a significant research interest during the most recent decade. While there has been a considerable amount research and excellent reviews on how mobile phone distractions influence various aspects of driving performance, the mechanisms by which the interactions with mobile phone affect driver performance is relatively unexamined. As such, the aim of this study is to examine the mechanisms involved with mobile phone distractions such as conversing, texting, and reading and the driving task, and subsequent outcomes. A novel human-machine framework is proposed to isolate the components and various interactions associated with mobile phone distracted driving. The proposed framework specifies the impacts of mobile phone distraction as an inter-related system of outcomes such as speed selection, lane deviations and crashes; human-car controls such as steering control and brake pedal use and human-environment interactions such as visual scanning and navigation. Eleven literature-review/meta-analyses papers and 62 recent research articles from 2005 to 2015 are critically reviewed and synthesised following a systematic classification scheme derived from the human-machine system framework. The analysis shows that while many studies have attempted to measure system outcomes or driving performance, research on how drivers interactively manage in-vehicle secondary tasks and adapt their driving behaviour while distracted is scant. A systematic approach may bolster efforts to examine comprehensively the performance of distracted drivers and their impact over the transportation system by considering all system components and interactions of drivers with mobile phones and vehicles. The proposed human-machine framework not only contributes to the literature on mobile phone distraction and safety, but also assists in identifying the research needs and promising strategies for mitigating mobile phone-related safety issues. Technology based countermeasures that can provide real-time feedback or alerts to drivers based on eye/head movements in conjunction with vehicle dynamics should be an important research direction.     

船舶综合液压推进及其泵马达设计

为解决船舶在向大型化、高速化方向发展时船舶主机设计困难,机舱布置不合理以及机动性能差等问题,提出了一种新型船舶推进方式,即船舶综合液压推进。给出了该推进方式的推进原理,通过工况配合特性曲线图,对其工况配合特性进行分析,对该推进方式的优缺点进行讨论并对其重要组件液压泵以及马达进行设计计算。结果表明船舶综合液压推进具有其独特的优点,是对现有船舶推进方式的有益补充。