Modeling capacity flexibility of transportation networks

Flexibility of the transportation system is one of the important performance measures needed to deal with demand changes. In this paper, we provide a quantitative assessment of capacity flexibility for the passenger transportation network using bi-level network capacity models. Two approaches for assessing the value of capacity flexibility are proposed. One approach is based on the concept of reserve capacity, which reflects the flexibility with respect to changes in terms of demand volume only. The second approach allows for variations in the demand pattern in addition to changes in demand volume in order to more fully capture demand changes. Two models are developed in the second approach to consider two types of capacity flexibility. The total capacity flexibility allows all users to have both route choice and destination choice when estimating capacity flexibility. The limited capacity flexibility estimates how much more demand volume could be added to a fixed demand pattern by allowing the additional demand to deviate from the fixed demand pattern. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the different concepts of capacity flexibility for a passenger transportation system under demand changes.     

城市公交车到站规律及站台服务水平研究

城市公共交通是城市可持续发展的必由之路,对城市交通具有重大意义.本文从公交车的运行特点入手,用数学方法描述公交车从发车到到站的运行过程,建立公交车到站模型,并利用简化模型分析公交站台车辆到站规律,计算车辆到站频次.最后,利用排队理论建立公交站台服务水平的计算模型.运用排队论模型对北京市某公交站台进行评价,证明对站点设置位置和停靠模式以及站台的线路数和线路发车频率的合理设置,可以有效地控制站台内公交车的排队情况,提高公交站台的运行效率,缓解交通拥堵.     

铁路路网运输能力可靠性研究

铁路路网运输能力可靠性是指在规定的条件(路网结构、固定设备、移动设备及一定人力与运输组织水平)下和规定的时间内,考虑日常随机因素以及不可抗力因素等的影响,铁路路网所能提供的各种服务能满足OD需求波动的能力.本文在分析了国内外路网能力可靠性研究和铁路运输的特点上,提出了铁路路网能力可靠性的概念,并构建了相关路网能力的计算...     

Urban Traffic State Estimation Considering Resident Travel Characteristics and Road Network Capacity

Urban traffic state is usually measured by vehicle average travel speed. It reflects the resident travel behavior on urban road network, and changes with the actual matching status of traffic demand and supply. In this paper, the traffic supply is estimated by the ideal carrying capacity, and the traffic demand is evaluated by vehicle traffic intensity considering resident travel characteristics. In this way, the network carrying capacity and traffic intensity are compared by equative unit. By introducing the intensity/capacity ratio, the matching degree between traffic demand and supply is determined, and the traffic state is identified based on average vehicle speed. In the last section, the 2005 field data of Beijing city is used to test and verify the proposed method.     

平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动强度计算

为了简化平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动承载能力的计算方法,基于Hertz理论,应用线性回归法和插值法,推导了平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动接触强度计算公式;考虑齿间载荷分配系数的影响,修正了普通圆柱蜗杆传动弯曲强度计算公式;根据蜗杆副有限元网格模型,分析了轮齿应力分布.结果表明:解析式计算的平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动接触强度(弯曲强度)比有限元分析结果大6%~16%,满足工程使用的要求;蜗轮齿面接触应力沿接触线呈倾斜L型分布;蜗杆载荷从1 N.m增大至额定值时,5对齿啮合的最大齿间载荷分配从32.4%降至27.5%.     

交通拥堵反思

通过对交通拥堵进行反思,认为交通拥堵是充满活力的成功城市的伴生品,应从不同角度考虑拥堵问题.提出了十项有别于传统观点的提议,主要包括:机动性至关重要,交通拥堵是社会、经济活力的象征;道路扩容效果短暂,并会诱发潜在需求,但仍可带来一定的社会、经济效益;土地使用对出行行为的改变需要长期的努力;紧凑型发展会加剧交通拥堵;降低...     

桥上桥现浇施工桩基承载力计算分析

根据青岛海湾大桥青岛端接线工程桥梁第十三合同段设计图纸和工程实际情况,从地质情况、实用性、安全性、经济性和工期保证等多个方面考虑,箱梁采用满堂支架法现浇施工。当新桥设计跨越既有桥梁时,既有桥梁设计时和现在的规范荷载不同,以既有桥梁作为支承进行新桥的混凝土现场浇筑作业,既有桥梁的承载力如何确定成为难题。通过理论计算确定施...     

沂北船闸底板宽缝封缝条件分析

文章以连云港港疏港航道沂北船闸为例,讨论船闸底板预留施工宽缝的意义和宽缝封缝的条件,同时提出相关建议。     

互通式立交交织区段通行能力及服务水平分析

介绍了高速公路互通式立交匝道出入口与主线交织区段的通行能力及服务水平分析的基本方法,并以一处枢纽互通式立交内环匝道交织区段为例,进行了计算,经对计算结果的深入分析,得出了结论。     

基于外环境变化下高桩码头的水平承载力不足及补强研究

高桩码头由于自身结构特点,对于荷载变化的适应能力较弱,尤其对于大批设计建造年代较早的高桩码头,比较容易发生破损现象.现场检测结果表明,高桩码头承受的过大水平力是导致码头结构破损的主要原因,结构破损的主要表现形式为叉桩破坏.建立了高桩码头的有限元模型,通过正交分析和敏感度分析的方法得到叉桩最不利受力工况,对叉桩的受力机理和破损形态进行了深入研究,从而奠定了补强高桩码头水平力不足的基础.对于补强加固叉桩的研究是通过分别加固桩帽和基桩本身两个方面来进行,研究结果表明外包加固桩帽只有修复作用,而加固基桩本身方有补强的效果.研究结果对维修和加固高桩码头叉桩具有较强的参考价值.