公路和铁路占地比较基础研究

介绍了比较基础的含义,分析了以运输能力作为公路和铁路用地比较基础的原因和不合理性。提出以运输需要和经济社会影响作为比较基础才具有现实的指导意义。     

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站台形式方案设计是城市轨道交通线路规划与建设中的一项重要内容。本文结合北京轨道交通亦庄线宋家庄站的特点,阐述了一岛两侧双线、一岛一侧双线、一岛一侧三线等3种站台形式方案的基本设计概况,并从候车条件、折返能力、列车出入段条件、车站规模等方面对这3种方案进行了较为深入的对比研究。最后,从岛式站台站前折返能力的影响因素,以及站台客流组织方案对站台宽度和列车停站时间的影响等角度,提出了一岛两侧双线是适合于采用岛式站台、站前折返的城市轨道交通线路起点站的站台形式方案。     

非机动车影响下信号交叉口通行能力计算模型

为量化非机动车对信号交叉口通行能力的影响,分析了信号交叉口非机动车影响机动车运行的方式,估计了其持续时间,基于流量-速度关系,计算了不同情况下的饱和流率,建立了非机动车影响下典型信号交叉口通行能力模型。计算结果表明:利用本模型计算的左转、直行机动车通行能力总体上低于HCM(Highway Capacity Manual)计算值;而右转机动车通行能力计算值在非机动车流量较低时与HCM计算值接近,在非机动车流量较高时略高于HCM计算值。可见,此模型可有效应用于计算非机动车影响下的信号交叉口通行能力。     

TSC管桩受弯承载力有限元分析

以TSC管桩本体结构和接头部位的抗弯试验为基础,进行有限元模拟分析。计算不同荷载等级下管桩的挠度变化,分析管桩受力过程,并研究钢管壁厚对TSC管桩极限承载力的影响,论证有限元模型的适用性。     

加筋板格高级屈曲分析技术研究及软件开发

文章给出了基于弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析的加筋板格高级屈曲分析方法(EPM),该方法包括五种失效模式,即正交加筋板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋子板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋和带板的局部屈曲或屈服、纵向加筋的侧倾以及全部屈服,可以考虑初始挠度和残余应力的影响以及双向压缩和侧向载荷的联合作用。以EPM方法为核心开发了加筋板格高级屈曲分析软件系统,包括任务管理、数据输入、屈曲分析、结果查看、能力曲线和文件分析等六个模块。为验证EPM方法的精度进行了系列纵向加筋和正交加筋板格试验模型的比较计算,并计算了四种典型加筋板格的双向应力能力曲线,与板格极限状态分析（PULS）软件和协调共同结构规范（HCSR）方法进行了比较分析。结果表明EPM方法可以分析联合载荷等因素对加筋板格极限强度的影响,文中开发的软件系统可用于加筋板格高级屈曲分析。     

Quantification of motorway capacity variation: influence of day type specific variation and capacity drop

Many road authorities work with static values for road capacities, while it has been proven that capacity is not a fixed quantity. At the same time, there is an increasing need for accurate stochastic input for traffic models, such as the variation in road capacity. In this paper, a methodological framework with a conceptual model for practical stochastic capacity estimation is presented, and a quantification of motorway capacity variation is given for the influence of day‐type specific variations in capacity values. The results of the analysis show that there is a reduction in motorway breakdown capacity of 4% on weekend days in comparison with workdays. Furthermore, a capacity decrease of 8% was found for the discharge capacity in comparison with workdays. The analysis further shows that the breakdown capacity on holidays is not significantly lower than on workdays. Discharge capacity and capacity drops are also derived in each case. The results show that the capacity is significantly different depending on the type of day. A quantification of these differences is given in the form of a Weibull capacity estimation fit for each type‐of‐day scenario. Further consideration of the implications and applications of the framework is also given. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Model for the capacity of the urban signal intersection with work zone

Work zones exist widely on urban arterials in the cities that are undergoing road construction or maintenance. However, the existing studies on arterial work zones are very limited, especially on the work zones at urban intersections, although they have a severe negative impact on the urban traffic system. For the first time, this study focuses on how work zones reduce intersection capacity. A type of widely observed work zone, the straddling work zone that straddles on a road segment and an intersection, is studied. A linear regression model and a multiplicative model suggested by Highway Capacity Manual are proposed respectively to determine the saturation flow rate of the signal intersection with the straddling work zone. The data of 22 straddling work zones are collected and used to evaluate the performances of the proposed models. The results display that the linear regression model outperforms the multiplicative model suggested by Highway Capacity Manual. The study also reveals that reducing approach (or exit) lanes and the mixture of motor vehicles and non‐motor vehicles (and pedestrians) can significantly decrease the capacity of the intersection with straddling work zone. Therefore, in setting a straddling work zone, workers should try to ensure that the intersection approach and exit are unobstructed and set a separation for non‐motors and pedestrians to avoid mixed traffic flow. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

排队论在高速公路收费系统中的应用研究

该文运用排队论,对高速公路收费系统建立了M/M/N排队模型,并分析了高速公路收费站服务强度、队列中排队等待的平均车辆数、车辆平均等待时间,进而计算出了适合在不同服务水平下的收费站最大通行能力。     

旋喷桩在软土地区既有地下管线加固中的应用

对工程范围内的既有地下管线,一般应拆改、迁移,但当地下管线为大直径自来水管、高压输变电电缆等,且与居民正常生活、生产关系密切而无法拆改时,必须考虑对其进行就地加固。该文通过津汉公路一机场大道立交桥工程中既有地下管线加固的设计过程,介绍了一种滨海地区行之有效的保护既有地下管线的加固措施——旋喷桩,为旋喷桩在今后类似工程中的应用提供了参考。     

自锚式悬索桥钢箱梁局部稳定研究

该文以三汉矶湘江大桥自锚式悬索桥主梁钢箱梁为研究背景,以人行道桥面开口加劲板件为研究对象,研究不同参数条件下开口加劲板件弹性屈曲荷载的影响,并考虑几何和材料非线性的影响,分析了不同残余应力、不同初始缺陷以及不同宽厚比等因素下开口加劲板件的稳定极限承载力。