实时自适应交通信号控制CPN建模分析

以单路口交通控制为研究时象,指出了传统单路口控制策略中存在的一些缺陷,提出一种优化的交通信号控制策略:实时自适应控制。按照该策略,采用非固定相序控制方案,并提出了相应相位持续时间的具体算法。然后,建立了实时自适应策略的着色Petri网(CPN)模型,对CPN模型进行静态结构分析和动态仿真分析,检验并确认所提出的策略和算法的可行性;最后,通过建立交通信号控制的评价指标来对该策略进行评价。仿真结果表明,与固定相序、固定相位持续时间的策略相比,该实时自适应控制策略对单一十字路口实现了更为有效和优化的控制。     

Sideslip estimation for articulated heavy vehicles at the limits of adhesion*

Various active safety systems proposed for articulated heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) require an accurate estimate of vehicle sideslip angle. However in contrast to passenger cars, there has been minimal published research on sideslip estimation for articulated HGVs. State-of-the-art observers, which rely on linear vehicle models, perform poorly when manoeuvring near the limits of tyre adhesion. This paper investigates three nonlinear Kalman filters (KFs) for estimating the tractor sideslip angle of a tractor–semitrailer. These are compared to the current state-of-the-art, through computer simulations and vehicle test data. An unscented KF using a 5 degrees-of-freedom single-track vehicle model with linear adaptive tyres is found to substantially outperform the state-of-the-art linear KF across a range of test manoeuvres on different surfaces, both at constant speed and during emergency braking. Robustness of the observer to parameter uncertainty is also demonstrated.     

基于自适应动态滑模控制的智能汽车纵向巡航控制

为消除参数不确定性和外部干扰等因素对智能汽车纵向巡航控制的影响,提出一种基于自适应动态滑模的纵向巡航控制方法.建立以广义纵向力导数项为控制输入的车辆纵向动力学模型,基于反步法构建保证车速与纵向加速度同时收敛于期望值的新型滑模函数;在此基础上,设计了期望广义纵向力的动态滑模控制律,并利用RBF神经网络对控制律中的未知干扰...     

Rollover detection and control on the non-driven axles of trucks based on pulsed braking excitation

The major challenges for rollover detection are the accurate modelling of vehicle dynamics and the real-time estimation of the varied parameters. To circumvent the dependence on vehicle parameters, a novel rollover detection method based on the pulsed braking excitation is proposed. With the lateral load transfer ratio (LTR), the relationship between rollover risks and non-driven wheel rotational dynamics is deduced, which is the basis to apply braking excitation on wheels. The lateral acceleration is adopted as the first criterion to activate the rollover detection. Once the pulsed braking is applied to the non-driven wheels, the braking pressure and wheel angular speeds are measured to estimate the LTR on the non-driven axle. In case of emergency, the differential braking-based anti-rollover is implemented. Experiments were conducted on a Hardware-in-Loop bench. The results show that, the pulsed braking can be activated timely, and the LTR on the non-driven axle is estimated accurately. With the anti-rollover control, the roll stability is improved considerably.     

Revisiting the application of simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation towards signal timing optimization

Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (SPSA) has gained favor as an efficient optimization method for calibrating computationally intensive, “black box” traffic flow simulations. Few recent studies have investigated the efficiency of SPSA for traffic signal timing optimization. It is important for this to be investigated, because significant room for improvement exists in the area of signal optimization. Some signal timing methods and products perform optimization very quickly, but deliver mediocre solutions. Other methods and products deliver high-quality solutions, but at a very slow rate. When using commercialized desktop signal timing products, engineers are often forced to choose between speed and solution quality. Real-time adaptive control products, which must optimize timings within seconds on a cycle-by-cycle basis, have limited time to reach a high-quality solution. The existing literature indicates that SPSA provides the potential for upgrading both off-line and on-line solutions alike, by delivering high-quality solutions within seconds. This article describes an extensive set of optimization tests involving SPSA and genetic algorithms (GAs). The final results suggest that GA was slightly more efficient than SPSA. Moreover, the results suggest today's signal timing solutions could be improved significantly by incorporating GA, SPSA, and “playbooks” of preoptimized starting points. However, it may take another 5–10 years before our computers become fast enough to simultaneously optimize coordination settings (i.e., cycle length, phasing sequence, and offsets) at numerous intersections, using the most powerful heuristic methods, at speeds that are compatible with real-time adaptive solutions.     

一种改进的模型跟随自适应控制算法

提出了一种改进的模型跟随自适应算法(DS-AMFC),即把系统输出的误差引入控制信号,同时,利用线性神经网络对系统(k+1)时刻输出误差预测,并利用该预测值对系统进行控制。仿真表明该改进算法较原算法有较强的跟随模型的能力。     

自适应均衡学习的端到端类人驾驶控制决策网络

针对现有端到端自动驾驶网络对于类人驾驶行为与思维特征模拟不足的问题，从类人驾驶特征出发，设计了一个包含时空特征、历史状态特征及未来特征的端到端类人驾驶控制决策网络。采用多层卷积和长短期卷积时序记忆网络（Conv-LSTM），对前方道路视觉感知图像时间序列进行时空特征提取，同时采用一维卷积和长短期时序记忆网络（Long Short-Term Memory，LSTM） 对车辆状态信息时间序列进行历史状态特征提取，进而采用多任务参数共享方式进行当前时刻和未来序列的方向盘转角、车速的控制决策，并以未来序列作为辅助任务督促当前时刻的主任务学习。为更好地耦合汽车纵横向控制参数学习的过程，还提出一种权衡纵横向控制参数损失量级及学习速度的权重自适应方法，并引入容差阈值，建立衡量纵横向控制参数训练效果的评价方法。依托Comma2k19数据集对所构建控制决策网络进行训练和验证，体现出良好的可行性及优越性。     

基于预测恒定车头时距策略的自适应巡航控制研究

为了进一步提高车辆跟车过程中的跟踪性、安全性、舒适性和燃油经济性，针对已有间距策略表现过于保守或反应过于激烈等不足之处，提出了一种预测恒定车头时距策略。该策略考虑了相对加速度，建立了一种预测型期望车间距模型，进而应用于模型预测控制的多目标自适应巡航控制系统中，能进一步提高模型预测控制对多个控制目标的综合协调能力。搭建上层控制器、下层PID控制器、油门制动切换、逆纵向动力学模型。在多工况下仿真，通过建立性能评判指标对多目标进行量化分析。结果表明，所提出的间距策略在保证安全性的前提下，提升了自适应巡航控制系统的综合性能。在不同驾驶风格的车头时距下，跟踪性、舒适性和燃油经济性均有良好表现。     

Robust adaptive course-keeping control of under-actuated ships with the rudder failure北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对舵机故障、控制增益未知和海洋环境干扰情况下的欠驱动船舶航向保持问题,设计一种考虑舵机故障的船舶鲁棒自适应航向保持控制算法。[方法]通过结合鲁棒神经阻尼技术和自适应方法,对繁重的神经网络权值进行横向压缩,仅需设计2个自适应学习参数对未知增益和舵机故障参数在线补偿,以确保船舶在舵机故障的情况下能够有效执行航向保持任务。通过李雅普诺夫理论,证明所提出的控制器半全局最终一致稳定有界(semi-global uniform and ultimately bounded,SGUUB)。最后以“育鲲”轮为仿真对象,建立非线性Nomoto数学模型,在海洋干扰下进行对比仿真试验验证。[结果]结果表明,在此策略下,“育鲲”轮在舵机故障情况下平均舵角输出比仿真试验中所对比的传统方法降低了51%,可改善航向保持控制效果。[结论]研究结果可为欠驱动船舶的航向保持控制问题提供借鉴。