电力机车转向架构架焊接补板疲劳强度分析

针对某型电力机车转向架构架补板部位出现的裂纹现象,在对转向架构架整体结构有限元分析的基础上,对焊接补板应力集中区域,采用"壳到体子模型"方法建立精细模型,得到该区域精确的应力分布情况.计算结果表明,采用子模型技术可以提高整体分析精度,同时针对应力集中情况,对目前塞焊的补板结构形式提出了改进措施,为工程应用提供了参考.     

野三关隧道大型高压富水充填溶腔运营期深化处理技术

宜万铁路野三关隧道在建设期间采用"释能降压、注浆加固、超前支护、结构加强、综合治理"的原则安全处理并顺利通过DK124+602大型高压富水充填溶腔.开通运营近10年来,隧道结构总体稳定,但也发生了强降雨期间溶洞内岩溶水不能及时排放、反灌正洞致中断行车的现象.为进一步降低隧道安全风险,加强排放强降雨期间"+602"溶腔内...     

A finite element model for unbonded flexible pipe under combined axisymmetric and bending loads

Flexible pipes are key equipment for offshore oil and gas production systems, conveying fluids between the platform and subsea wells. The structural arrangement of unbonded flexible pipes is quite complex, encompassing several layers with polymeric, metallic and textile materials. Different topologies and a large amount of intricate nonlinear contact interactions between and within their components, especially because of the relative stick-slip mechanism during bending, makes numerical analysis challenging. This paper presents an alternative three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model that describes the response of flexible pipes subjected to combined axisymmetric and bending loads. To simulate the response of a flexible pipe under axial tension or compression combined with uniform curvature, an equivalent thermal loading is employed on the external sheath, which is modelled as an orthotropic thermal expansion material with temperature-independent mechanical properties. To assess the feasibility of the proposed model, the bending moment versus curvature of the finite element solution is compared with experimental results obtained in literature and good agreements are found between them. Detailed finite element results such as contact pressures, armour wire slip displacements and friction, normal and transverse bending stresses are also shown and compared with available analytical models.     

城轨列车隧道空气附加阻力快速计算公式的改进

随着城轨列车运行速度的增加,在隧道工况条件下的气动阻力逐渐成为主要的行车阻力。现有常用的隧道空气附加阻力计算条件参数单一,从而存在一定的计算误差,为城轨系统能耗分析及系统优化带来困难。本研究在隧道空气附加阻力影响因素研究的基础上,以数值模拟的方法,对城轨列车在隧道工况条件下的运行情况进行模拟,通过对大量模拟计算结果的拟合,提出了计算精度更高的城轨列车隧道空气附加阻力计算修正公式。     

浅谈泡沫轻质土技术在滨海地区道路软土地基处理中的应用

泡沫轻质土具有轻质性、高流动性、低渗透性、固化后的自立性及整体性好,低弹减震性、强度可调节性、隔热性、耐久性等物理力学特性,能解决滨海地区软土地基处理工后沉降大等难题;同时可减少因超载预压放坡引起的土地征地、拆迁等问题,缩短施工工期。该文结合实际工程,对泡沫轻质土在滨海地区道路软土地基处理工程中的应用进行一些有益的探讨,可供同行参考。     

散货船特殊要求的适用及检查探讨

文中通过梳理国际公约中对散货船特殊要求的修正情况,明确了以散装形式装运干散货的船舶如何满足SOLAS公约中对散货船的特殊要求,并结合笔者的检查经验,总结归纳了散货船的检查要点。     

波浪作用下月池开口对钻井船水动力的影响

结合模型试验与频域数值计算结果,分析月池对船体水动力性能的影响,并对模型试验与数值计算的RAO、月池敞开和封闭的RAO、运动统计结果和附加质量系数进行对比。分析结果显示:月池开口会增大横摇和垂荡运动幅值,并且减小船体的横摇固有周期;当外部激励使月池发生共振时,月池内流体产生的附加质量会发生剧烈变化。因此,月池开口对船体水动力性能会产生一定负面影响,作业时,应当避免发生共振现象。     

Prediction of residual stresses induced by low transformation temperature weld wires and its validation using the contour method

Welding residual stresses are one of the main factors influencing the engineering properties of welded structures, and should be taken into account during designing and manufacturing products such as ships, bridges, etc. Recently, both computational and experimental methods play a significant role for providing residual stresses. The contour method (CM) became one of the most powerful techniques that can provide measurement of residual stresses normal to a plane of interest. In this method a component is cut at any plane of interest. Displacements normal to the cut surface are measured and then processed. Using the Thermal–Elastic–Plastic Finite Element Method (TEP-FEM), residual stresses after welding can be predicted. As well as, the elastic FEM can be used to reproduce residual stresses from measured longitudinal displacements in the CM.The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of different low transformation temperature (LTT) weld wires using TEP-FEM and the CM. In the simulation part, a computational approach is developed to numerically simulate both of welding and the CM. In the TEP-FEM, phase transformation is considered for LTT welds, additionally volume change and variation of mechanical properties with temperature are considered. In the simulated CM, welded specimens to be measured are replaced by TEP-FE models. Then the procedure of the CM is examined before applying it to real measurements. The simulated CM successfully predicted how the CM would reconstruct the residual stresses if applied experimentally. In the experimental part, welding is conducted using conventional and various LTT weld wires. Longitudinal residual stresses produced due to welding are measured using the CM. The results of TEP-FE simulation and the CM show the effectiveness of the different LTT weld wires in introducing compressive stresses in the weld. It is also observed that the applied LTT weld wires, which have almost the same martensitic transformation start temperatures, do not show big difference in the induced compressive residual stresses in the weld metal.     

分级加载下组合渗流碎石桩-CFG桩复合地基固结解答

为了进一步完善组合渗流排水桩-不排水桩复合地基固结理论,就分级加载下组合型复合地基的固结理论计算展开研究。以组合渗流碎石桩-CFG桩复合地基为研究对象,考虑碎石桩固结变形、不同桩体的涂抹效应和附加应力随深度与时间变化等因素,结合软土路基分级填筑的工程状况,运用解析法推导出分级加载下组合渗流碎石桩-CFG桩复合地基固结解析解,并得到任意时刻复合地基的整体平均固结度解答。进一步地,将本文解退化为瞬时加载下附加应力沿深度非均布条件下的解,大大简化了计算公式。运用MATLAB软件对本文解进行编程运算,以不同加载历程、附加应力沿深度分布的3种模式和桩土模量比为基本变量,绘制出相应工况下复合地基的整体平均固结度曲线,然后对计算结果进行参数分析。研究结果表明:采用与工程实际更为接近的分级加载模式,发现不同加载历程对复合地基固结速率的影响较大;分级加载下附加应力沿深度非均布的固结度曲线基本重合,表明考虑应力时效性的应力分布模式对复合地基固结速率影响不大,从而可以将固结度计算公式简化,易于工程应用;但是在不同的CFG桩土模量比下,附加应力沿深度分布模式的不同导致地基的最终沉降结果有较大差异,增大桩土模量比有助于减小复合地基变形量,缩小沉降差异,维持地基稳定。     

板架弯曲二次应力对纵骨疲劳评估影响的研究

为了验证散货船、油船协调共同规范(HCSR)中在计算纵骨疲劳寿命时不考虑板架弯曲纵骨二次应力的合理性,讨论两种二次应力的计算方法,分别对散货船和油船板架的纵骨的二次应力进行计算,通过对是否考虑纵骨二次应力计算得到的疲劳寿命进行对比,验证HCSR中简化算法计算纵骨疲劳寿命的合理性。