Adhesion estimation at the wheel–rail interface using advanced model-based filtering

The railway industry in the UK is currently expanding the use of condition monitoring of railway vehicles. These systems can be used to improve maintenance procedures or could potentially be used to monitor current vehicle running conditions without the use of cost prohibitive sensors. This paper looks at a novel method for the online detection of areas of low adhesion in the wheel/rail contact that cause significant disruption to the running of a network, particularly in the autumn season. The proposed method uses a Kalman–Bucy filter to estimate the creep forces in the wheel–rail contact area; post-processing is then applied to provide information indicative of the actual adhesion level. The algorithm uses data that, in practice, would be available from a set of modest cost inertial sensors mounted on the vehicle bogie and wheel-sets. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated using simulation data from a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle and its track interface.     

高速列车充分利用粘着制动距离计算

提出了高速列车充分利用粘着制动距离的计算方法。用本文提供的方法，我国２５０ｋｍ／ｈ高速客车的制动距离可定为２５００ｍ。     

对小半径曲线粘降引起坡度折减的探讨

通过对我国现有的各种主要机车在小半径曲线上运行引起的坡度折减的计算和分析 ,得出合理的坡度折减值 ,并对现行规范的规定提出不同的看法和建议     

高速动车组牵引特性分析

目前,200km/h的交流传动动车组已经运行在沪杭、沪宁既有线上。未来350km/h的交流传动动车组将在京津、沪宁城际铁路和京沪高速铁路上运行。高速动车组具有重量轻、粘着利用好、起动加速度快等特点。以CRH2型4动4拖8节编组为例,介绍交流传动动车组牵引加速度、牵引力、制动力和制动距离等的计算,以及在故障情况下的运行特点。     

我国高速列车动力相对分散方式方案初探

通过深入分析主速列车动力集中与动力分散两种动力配置方式的特点。阐明了动力分散配置方式也能适应中国国情的观点。     

B0B0B0机车粘着性能的理论研究 （上）

本文对几种不同牵引装置的B_0B_0B_0机车在牵引工况中的轴重转移进行计算分析,从而推导出其设计参数的相关函数式和机车最佳粘着性能的参数匹配方法。此外,还论述改善B_0B_0B_0机车动态粘着性能的设计措施,并进行实例论析。     

The dynamic study of locomotives under saturated adhesion

In order to study the dynamic behaviours of locomotives under saturated adhesion, the stability and characteristics of stick–slip vibration are analysed using the concepts of mean and dynamic slip rates. The longitudinal vibration phenomenon of the wheelset when stick–slip occurs is put forward and its formation mechanism is made clear innovatively. The stick–slip vibration is a dynamic process between the stick and the slip states. The decreasing of mean and dynamic slip rates is conducive to its stability, which depends on the W/R adhesion damping. The torsion vibration of the driving system and the longitudinal vibration of the wheelset are coupled through the longitudinal tangential force when the wheelset alternates between the stick and the slip states. The longitudinal oscillation frequencies of the wheelset are integral multiples of the natural frequency of torsion vibration of the driving system. A train dynamic model integrated with an electromechanical and a control system is established to simulate the stick–slip vibration phenomenon under saturated adhesion to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that increases of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are beneficial to the stick–slip vibration stability and the locomotive's traction ability. The optimised matching of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are helpful to avoid longitudinal resonance when the stick–slip vibration occurs.     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

耐磨钢NM360的耐磨性能试验研究

NM360是在Q345基础上通过调整合金元素后生产的新钢种。还缺少摩擦磨损性能的评定参数，通过粘着磨损和冲蚀磨损试验用称重法测量其磨损量，测定了它的抗粘着和抗冲蚀的摩擦学性能，试验结果表明微量合金元素能改善材料组织，其性能优于Q345。并与国外同类产品的性能相当．